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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

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Commission File Number: 001-34632

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CRYOPORT, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

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112 Westwood Place, Suite 350

Brentwood, TN 37027

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(949) 470-2300

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Warrants to purchase Common Stock

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.   Yes  ⌧    No  ◻

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.   Yes  ◻    No  ⌧

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   Yes  ⌧    No  ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   Yes  ⌧    No  ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).   Yes  ◻    No   ⌧

The aggregate market value of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2020 was $881,352,700 based on the closing sale price of such common equity on such date (excluding 29,135,627 shares of common stock held by directors and officers, and any stockholders whose ownership exceeds five percent of the shares outstanding as of June 30, 2020).

As of February 19, 2021, there were 45,581,661 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

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Portions of the registrant’s proxy statement for the 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated herein by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K where indicated. Such proxy statement will be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

References to the “Company,” “Cryoport,” “we,” “us,” “our” and other similar words refer to Cryoport Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context suggests otherwise.  This Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Form 10-K”) contains certain forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements can generally be identified as such because the context of the statement will include certain words, including but not limited to, “believes,” “may,” “will,” “expects,” “intends,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “seeks,” “continues,” “predicts,” “potential,” “likely,” or “opportunity,” and also contains predictions, estimates and other forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and in reliance upon the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements are based on the current beliefs of the Company’s management, as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to the Company’s management. Readers of this Form 10-K should not put undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the time this Form 10-K was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Reference is made in particular to forward-looking statements regarding our expectations about future business plans, new products or services, regulatory approvals, strategies, development timelines, prospective financial performance and opportunities, including potential acquisitions, expectations about future benefits of our acquisitions, including Cryogene Partners, CRYOPDP and MVE Biological Solutions, our ability to successfully integrate those businesses and our plans related thereto; liquidity and capital resources; projected trends in the market in which we operate; anticipated impacts from the coronavirus strain COVID-19 (“COVID-19”) on us, including to our business operations, results of operations, cash flows, and financial position, and our future responses to the COVID-19 pandemic; our expectations about securing and maintaining strategic relationships with global couriers or large clinical research organizations; our future capital needs and ability to raise capital on favorable terms or at all; results of our research and development efforts; and approval of our patent applications.  Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified. The Company’s actual results may differ materially from the results projected in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to, those discussed in this Form 10-K, including the “Risk Factors” in “Part I, Item 1A — Risk Factors”, and in “Part II, Item 7 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

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Past financial or operating performance is not necessarily a reliable indicator of future performance, and you should not use our historical performance to anticipate results or future period trends. We can give no assurances that any of the events anticipated by the forward-looking statements will occur or, if any of them do, what impact they will have on our results of operations and financial condition. Except as required by law, we do not undertake to update any such forward-looking statements and expressly disclaim any duty to update the information contained in this Form 10-K.

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PART I

Item 1. Business

Overview

We are redefining the temperature-controlled supply chain for the life sciences industry by providing a unique and evolving platform of critical products and solutions including advanced packaging, informatics, specialty logistics services, biostorage services, and cryogenic life sciences equipment. With over 625 employees spread across 30 locations worldwide, we are engaged in providing global solutions to the biopharma/pharma, animal health, and human reproductive medicne markets. Our primary focus is on addressing the critical temperature-controlled supply chain needs within the biopharmaceutical space with an emphasis on serving the rapidly growing cell and gene therapy, or C&GT, market.

Our Strategy

We are focused on establishing best-in-class, comprehensive temperature-controlled supply chain solutions that support the expanding global landscape of the life sciences industry. We believe our growth strategy aligns with the growth of the markets we serve and our customers within them. In particular, we have identified the C&GT market as a high growth market, with unmet supply chain needs that we believe can benefit significantly from our solutions. The global C&GT market was valued at approximately $4.2 billion in 2019 and is projected to grow to over $33.1 billion by 2024.

Over the last several years, we have grown to become a leader in supporting C&GT clinical trials globally. As of the end of the fourth quarter of 2020, we supported 528 clinical trials and five commercial therapies, including KYMRIAH by Novartis and YESCARTA by Gilead/Kite. In addition, seven additional Cryoport supported therapies filed for commercial approval with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, or the European Medicines Agency, or EMA, as of the end of the fourth quarter of 2020. Based on publicly disclosed information, industry data, and internal forecasts, we estimate that up to 21 additional Cryoport supported C&GTs, currently in clinical trials, may file for regulatory approval during the course of 2021. Commercial approvals of these therapies provide an opportunity to become significant revenue drivers for us in the future as each of them requires comprehensive temperature-controlled supply chain support and services at commercial scale, and we expect that many will select us as their critical supply chain solution as a result of our work in connection with their respective clinical trials.

We intend to build on our recent history of developing market-leading, temperature-controlled supply chain solutions and delivering strong growth through the following strategies:

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Our Solutions

We use our competencies and capabilities to develop comprehensive and reliable, technology-centric solutions that address the specific needs of our customers. Our platform of temperature-controlled supply chain solutions, products and service includes cold-chain and cryogenic life sciences equipment, advanced packaging, informatics, specialty logistics services, biostorage services, kitting, labeling, fulfillment and consulting. These solutions, products and services are utilized for temperature-controlled supply chain services in the life sciences industry for personalized medicine, cell therapies, stem cells, cell lines, vaccines, diagnostic materials, semen, eggs, embryos, cord blood, bio-pharmaceuticals, infectious substances, and other commodities that require continuous exposure to certain and specific ranges of precision-controlled temperatures and environments.

Our Cryoport solutions are comprised primarily of a sophisticated, cloud-based, logistics management platform, which is branded as the Cryoportal Logistics Management Platform^®, or the Cryoportal, Cryoport Express^® Shippers and the SmartPak Condition Monitoring System^®, or the SmartPak^®. The Cryoportal^® supports the management of shipments through a single interface, which includes order entry, document preparation, customs documentation, courier management, near real-time shipment tracking and monitoring, issue resolution, and regulatory compliance requirements. In addition, it provides unique and incisive information dashboards and validation documentation for every shipment through data collected by the SmartPak^®. The Cryoportal^® can record and retain a fully documented history of all Cryoport Express^® Shippers, including chain-of-custody, chain-of-condition, chain-of-identity, and Chain of Compliance^® information for each shipment, which is used to ensure that the stability of shipped biologic commodities are maintained throughout the shipping cycle. At the client’s option, recorded information is archived, allowing the client to meet exacting requirements necessary for scientific work and/or proof of regulatory compliance during the logistics process.

During 2018 we introduced our Chain of Compliance^® solution, as a new industry standard within the C&GT market. Our Chain of Compliance^® goes beyond chain of condition, chain of custody and chain of identity by providing traceability of the equipment, equipment components and processes supporting each client or patient therapy. The Chain of Compliance enables us to recall any single or every transport that an individual Cryoport Express Shipper has taken, the client(s) it supported, the commodity transported, its performance during transit, and each step that we perform before the shipper is put back into service. This includes Cryoport Express Shipper performance and requalification history, commodity history, courier handling and performance history, calibration history, and correlation competencies that can link in field events to equipment performance. Many of these standards have now been incorporated in the recently released ISO-21973 standard and we believe they are likely to become regulatory requirements in the near future.

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In September of 2019, the Cryoport Express Advanced Therapy Shipper™ was launched to address specific needs of biopharma companies developing and commercializing C&GTs. The Cryoport Express Advanced Therapy Shippers provide verification processes to ensure that it has only been used for human-based therapies and materials and employ advanced validated cleaning methods to minimize the risk of cross-contamination of equipment and materials during use, delivery, and distribution of biopharmaceutical materials.

We further extended our solutions, capabilities, and global logistics network through the following recent acquisitions:

In October 2020, we further expanded our capabilities by acquiring CRYOPDP, a leading global provider of innovative temperature-controlled logistics solutions for high value, time critical and temperature-sensitive pharmaceuticals. CRYOPDP covers a significant portion of the healthcare temperature-controlled supply chain including packaging, pick-pack kit preparation, premium services and specialty biopharma/pharma courier support. This acquisition increased our global presence to a network of 27 global supply chain centers in 13 countries. This expanded network gives us a new advantage when serving global multi-national customers and also provides redundancies and backup that reduce supply chain risk for our customers. CRYOPDP has also developed a cloud-based logistics platform branded as UnITy™, which we plan to integrate with our Cryoportal Logistics Management Platform. UnITy™, provides functionalities such as a Transport Management System, Warehousing Management System, Quality Management System, a Customer Experience portal, mobile apps for track and trace during transport and storage as well as integration with transportation agents and business partners.

Also in October 2020, we made a second acquisition, acquiring MVE Biological Solutions from Chart Industries, Inc. MVE Biological Solutions, or MVE, provides cryobiological storage and transportation solutions for the life sciences industry through its advanced line of cryogenic stainless-steel freezers, aluminum dewars and related ancillary equipment used in the storage and transport of life sciences commodities, which includes the rapidly growing C&GT business. With three primary facilities, located in Ball Ground, Georgia, New Prague, Minnesota and Cheng-du, China, MVE Biological Solutions is a leader in serving the life sciences industry throughout the world. The acquisition is a vertical integration that, in addition to expanding our footprint to handle the growing demand driven by the growth in the C&GT market, helps to secure our supply of cryogenic shippers and biostorage equipment. MVE strengthens Cryoport’s presence in its Animal Health, Reproductive and Biopharma/Pharma markets.  Its cryobiological storage and transport clients include cell and gene therapy, medical laboratories, biotech/pharmaceutical research facilities, blood and tissue banks, breeders, veterinary laboratories, large-scale bio-repositories, and fertility clinics. The addition of MVE Biological Solutions allows us to capture a greater share of the global spend on supply chain products and services that supports C&GT.

In May 2019, we expanded our capabilities by acquiring Cryogene Partners, a Texas general partnership doing business as Cryogene Labs, or Cryogene. Cryogene is an expanding state-of-the-art temperature-controlled biostorage solutions business strategically located in Houston, Texas. Cryogene is an industry leader in the management of pre-clinical services which include critical biological commodities to support clinical research, the advancement of C&GTs, GMP biologics, and public health research. It provides customized, end-to-end chain of custody/chain of condition solutions for its clients.

As demonstrated by our organic growth and acquisitions, we are continually focused on establishing comprehensive temperature-controlled supply chain solutions to support the rapidly expanding global landscape of the life sciences industry.

The Markets We Serve

Biopharma/Pharma.   In the biopharma/pharma market we are focused on supporting the saving of lives. From clinical research and development to clinical research organizations to clinical trials for C&GTs to the storage and delivery of life-saving C&GTs to the customers of biopharmaceutical and biotechnology organizations to crucial points of care, we strive to address fundamental-to-advanced temperature-controlled storage, transport, packaging, fulfillment, and information challenges. In particular, C&GTs have become a rapidly growing area of biological drug development, with over 1,000 global clinical trials underway in 2020. This therapeutic approach has certain supply chain challenges that we believe our solutions are tailored to address.

Animal Health. In the animal health market we provide support for animal reproduction, which primarily involves the production of protein for sustaining life. We also support the health of recreational and companion animals. Animal disease prevention and control rely on the safe transport and storage of vaccines and other biological materials around the world. Our temperature-controlled supply chain solutions are designed to help avoid costly delays through nonstop monitoring and complete fleet management from and to the origin and destination points as well as provide cryobiological storage equipment.

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Human Reproductive Medicine. In the human reproductive medicine market we are focused on the support of the creation of human life by supporting In Vitro Fertilization, or IVF, and related technologies along with clinical networks globally. Through our CryoStork services, we transport reproductive materials through dedicated medical transport services to help ensure that IVF materials are on the next flight out to their destination. IVF materials also receive one-on-one handling and individualized attention during the entire logistics process. In addition, we also provide cryobiological storage equipment to fertility clinics around the world.

Acquisitions

On October 1, 2020, we completed our acquisition of CRYOPDP for a cash consideration of €49 million, subject to cash, net debt, working capital and other adjustments. CRYOPDP, based in France, is a leading global provider of innovative temperature-controlled logistics solutions to the clinical research, pharmaceutical and cell and gene therapy markets. CRYOPDP conducts its business activities mainly through entities based in the United Kingdom, the United States, the Asia-Pacific region, and India.

Also, on October 1, 2020, we completed our acquisition of MVE Biological Solutions for cash consideration of $320 million, subject to customary closing working capital and other adjustments. We financed a portion of the closing cash payment of the MVE Biological Solutions acquisition with the net proceeds of the Blackstone Private Placement, as further discussed below. MVE Biological Solutions is a global leader in manufactured vacuum insulated products and cryogenic freezer systems for the life sciences industry. MVE Biological Solutions has manufacturing and distribution operations in the United States, Europe, and Asia.

As a result of the acquisitions, we have approximately 625 employees: 605 full-time, 10 part-time, and 10 temporary, of which 250 are located in the Americas, 158 in Europe, the Middle East and Africa, or EMEA, and 217 in Asia Pacific, or APAC. We believe that we have assembled a strong management/leadership team with the experience and expertise needed to execute our business strategy. We anticipate hiring additional personnel as needs dictate to implement our global growth strategy.

After the acquisitions, we lease or own various corporate, research and development, biostorage, global logistics and supply chain centers at 27 total sites across the Americas, EMEA and APAC regions.

Blackstone Private Placement

In connection with the MVE Biological Solutions acquisition, on October 1, 2020, we completed a private placement with an investment vehicle of funds affiliated with The Blackstone Group Inc., consisting of the issuance and sale of (i) 250,000 shares of a newly designated 4.0% Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share, or the Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, at a price of $1,000 per share, for $250 million, and (ii) 675,536 shares of our common stock for $25.0 million, for an aggregate purchase price of $275.0 million, pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement, dated August 24, 2020, between us and Blackstone Freeze Parent L.P. (f/k/a BTO Freeze Parent L.P.). On February 5, 2021, the Company received a waiver and conversion notice from Blackstone Freeze Parent L.P. and Blackstone Tactical Opportunities Fund – FD L.P. and converted an aggregate of 50,000 shares of the Company’s 4.0% Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, resulting in the issuance of an aggregate of 1,312,860 shares of Common Stock (See Note 18 “Subsequent Events” in our accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information).

January 2021 Public Offering

On January 25, 2021, the Company completed an underwritten public offering (the “Offering”) of 4,356,059 shares of its common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Shares”). The Shares were issued and sold pursuant to an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”), dated January 20, 2021, by and among the Company, on the one hand, and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Jefferies LLC, SVB Leerink LLC and UBS Securities LLC, as representatives of certain underwriters (collectively, the “Underwriters”) at a public offering price per share of $66.00, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions. The Shares include 568,181 shares issued and sold pursuant to the Underwriters’ exercise in full of their option to purchase additional shares of common stock pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement. The Company received net proceeds of approximately $269.7 million from the Offering after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company.

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Change in Segment Reporting

The Company continually monitors and reviews its segment reporting structure in accordance with authoritative guidance to determine whether any changes have occurred that would impact its reportable operating segments. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing operating performance. The chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is our Chief Executive Officer.  Up until the fourth quarter of 2020, we managed, reported and evaluated our business in the following two reportable operating segments: Global Logistics Solutions and Global Bioservices. During the fourth quarter of 2020, our CODM changed how he makes operating decisions, assesses the performance of the business and allocates resources in a manner that caused our operating segments to change as a result of the MVE and CRYOPDP acquisitions. In consideration of Financial Accounting Standards Board's ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC"), Segment Reporting, we determined that we are not organized around specific products and services, geographic regions or regulatory environments. Accordingly, beginning with the fourth quarter of 2020 we realigned our reporting structure, resulting in a single reportable segment. The Company has adjusted its financial statements for historical periods to reflect this change in segment reporting and show its financial results without segments for all periods presented. See Part II, Item 7 – Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.

Government Regulation

Globally, we are subject to numerous domestic federal, state and local laws and regulations and the laws and regulations of global jurisdictions relating to matters regarding shipments, customs, import, export, safe working conditions, manufacturing practices, environmental protection and disposal of hazardous or potentially hazardous substances. In addition, we have to ensure compliance with economic sanctions and/or restrictions on individuals, corporations or countries, and other government regulations affecting trade that may apply to our international cross border business activities. We may incur significant costs to comply with such laws and regulations now or in the future.

The shipping of biologic products, biologic commodities, diagnostic specimens, infectious substances and dangerous goods, whether via air or ground, falls under the jurisdiction of many state, federal and international agencies. The quality of the packaging that protects a product or biologic commodity is critical in determining whether it will arrive at its destination in a satisfactory condition. Currently the most stringent regulations we are subject to are the dangerous goods regulations. Many of the regulations for transporting dangerous goods in the United States are determined by international rules formulated under the auspices of the United Nations. Dangerous goods are usually one-time shipments and are not a part of our standard service. When we ship dangerous goods, we follow strict and stringent guidelines.

International Civic Aviation Organization ("ICAO") is the United Nations organization that develops regulations (Technical Instructions) for the safe transport of dangerous goods by air. If shipment is by air, compliance with the rules established by the International Air Transport Association ("IATA") is required. IATA is a trade association made up of airlines and air cargo couriers that publishes annual editions of the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations. These regulations interpret and add to the ICAO Technical Instructions to reflect industry practices. Additionally, the Centers for Disease Control (“CDC”) has regulations (published in the Code of Federal Regulations) for interstate shipping of specimens.

Our Cryoport Express^® Shippers meet Packing Instructions 602 and 650 and are certified for the shipment of Class 6.2 Dangerous Goods per the requirements of the ICAO Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air and IATA. Our present and planned future versions of the Cryoport SmartPak™ Condition Monitoring Systems will likely be subject to regulation by the Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”), Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”), Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), IATA and possibly other agencies which may be difficult to determine on a global basis. Additionally, our Chain of Compliance™ processes comply fully with ISO 21973 recommendations.

Our MVE Biological Solutions cryogenic stainless-steel freezers and aluminum dewars are certified to the Medical Device Directive (MDD) in the European Union. Additionally, registrations for import are in place for various countries with these requirements.

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Storage of biological materials that are classified as drug products for human therapeutic use (either for investigational use or commercially approved) or materials used in the manufacture of drug products for human therapeutic use, is regulated by the FDA under Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations (“CFR”) part 210 & 211. Facilities must be compliant with current Good Manufacturing Practice (“GMP”) regulations which are enforced by the FDA through registration and audit. If the drug product is exported to other countries, then the storage needs to comply with the relevant local regulations.

For additional information, see "Part I, Item 1A - Risk Factors-Risks Related to Regulatory and Legal Matters" in this Form 10-K.

Manufacturing and Raw Materials

Manufacturing. We source components for our products from multiple suppliers that manufacture to our engineering specifications using in part proprietary technology and know-how to mitigate supply chain risks.  We also use “off-the-shelf” products, which we may modify to meet our requirements. Through the acquisition of MVE, we are able to vertically integrate and secure Cryoport’s supply of cryogenic shippers and storage equipment. For some components, there are relatively few alternate sources of supply and the establishment of additional or replacement suppliers may or may not be accomplished immediately. Should this occur, we endeavor to mitigate risk by an increase in our inventory level to cover our total forecasted demand giving us time to secure additional qualified suppliers. The central electronic devices currently used in our SmartPak Condition Monitoring Systems have been acquired from a single source with calibration and alterations done by an independent third party.

Our vendor/partner relationships allow us to concentrate on further advancing and expanding our platform of solutions for the life sciences to meet the growing and varied demands for validated temperature-controlled solutions in the life sciences industry. We believe our current supply structure provides us the opportunity to rapidly scale to support our client’s commercialization activities; however, we continue to work to improve our current sourcing and to continue to mitigate risks therein.

Raw Materials. Various common raw materials are used in the manufacture of our shippers and in the development of our technologies. These raw materials are generally available from several alternate distributors and manufacturers. We have not experienced any significant difficulty in obtaining these raw materials.

Patents, Copyrights, Trademarks and Proprietary Rights

In order to remain competitive, we must develop and maintain protection on the proprietary aspects of our platform of technologies. We rely on a combination of patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secret laws and confidentiality agreements to protect our intellectual property rights.

We file patent applications to protect innovations arising from our research, development and design.  We currently own approximately 28 issued patents and are pursuing approximately 56 pending patent applications throughout the world.  Our patents generally protect certain aspects of our products related technology. We also own certain copyrights relating to certain aspects of our products and services. We currently own approximately 116 registered U.S. trademarks and approximately 57 additional trademark applications are pending in the U.S. and foreign countries.  Many of our trademark rights in foreign countries are filed under the Madrid Protocol and designate China, Japan, Australia, Singapore, or the European Union.  Our trademarks generally protect the names of our company, products, and key service brands.

Our success is influenced, in part, by our ability to continue to develop proprietary products and technologies. It is desirable to obtain patent coverage for these products and technologies; however, some are protected as trade secrets.  We intend to file trademark and patent applications covering any newly developed products, methods and technologies. However, there can be no guarantee that any of our pending or future filed applications will be issued as patents or registered as trademarks. There can be no guarantee that the various patent and trademark governmental agencies from around the world or some third party will not initiate an interference proceeding involving any of our pending applications or issued patents. Finally, there can be no guarantee that our issued patents or future issued patents, if any, will provide adequate protection from competition.

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Patents provide some degree of protection for our proprietary technology. However, the pursuit and assertion of patent rights involve complex legal and factual determinations and, therefore, are characterized by significant uncertainty. In addition, the laws governing patent issuance and the scope of patent coverage continue to evolve. Moreover, the patent rights we possess or are pursuing generally cover our technologies to varying degrees. As a result, we cannot ensure that patents will issue from any of our patent applications, or that any of the issued patents will offer meaningful protection. In addition, our issued patents may be successfully challenged, invalidated, circumvented or rendered unenforceable so that our patent rights may not create an effective barrier to competition. We must also pay maintenance fees at set intervals for our patents to not expire prematurely. The laws of some foreign countries may not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. There can be no assurance that any patents issued to us will provide a legal basis for establishing an exclusive market for our products or provide us with any competitive advantages, or that patents of others will not have an adverse effect on our ability to do business or to continue to use our technologies freely. As with all patents, we may be subject to third parties filing claims that our technologies or products infringe on their intellectual property. We cannot predict whether third parties will assert such claims against us or whether those claims will hurt our business. If we are forced to defend against such claims, regardless of their merit, we may face costly litigation and diversion of management’s attention and resources. As a result of any such disputes, we may have to develop, at a substantial cost, non-infringing technology or enter into licensing agreements. These agreements may be unavailable on terms acceptable to such third parties, or at all, which could seriously harm our business or financial condition.

With respect to our trademarks, we file and pursue trademark registrations on words, symbols, logos, and other source identifiers that consumers use to associate our products and services with us. Although our registered trademarks carry a presumption of validity, they can be challenged and invalidated and as such, we cannot guarantee that any trademark registration is infallible.

We also rely on trade secret protection of our intellectual property. We attempt to protect trade secrets by entering into confidentiality agreements with employees, consultants and third parties, although, in the past, we have not always obtained such agreements. It is possible that these agreements may be breached, invalidated or rendered unenforceable, and if so, our trade secrets could be disclosed to our competitors. Despite the measures we have taken to protect our intellectual property, parties to such agreements may breach confidentiality provisions in our contracts or infringe or misappropriate our patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets and other proprietary rights. In addition, third parties may independently discover or invent competitive technologies, or reverse engineer our trade secrets or other technology. Therefore, the measures we are taking to protect our proprietary technology may not be adequate.

Customers and Distribution

As a result of growing globalization, including in such areas as biologics, biopharma, biotechnology, clinical trials, distribution of biopharmaceutical products and reproductive medicine, the requirement for effective and reliable solutions for keeping clinical samples, pharmaceutical products and other specimen at controlled temperatures takes on added significance due to more sophisticated supply chain challenges including complex shipping routes, extended shipping times, potential custom delays, general logistics challenges, distribution and storage requirements. We believe that our platform of solutions, expertise and geographic footprint enable us to take advantage of the growing demand for effective and efficient international transport and storage of temperature sensitive life sciences commodities/products. This is especially the case for the new therapies being developed in the regenerative medicine market, such as CAR-T cell therapies, that require cryogenic temperatures to maintain safety and efficacy.

No customers accounted for over 10% of our total revenues during the year ended December 21, 2020.Two customers accounted for 24.1% and 12.8% of our total revenues during the year ended December 31, 2019.  No other single customers accounted for over 10% of our total revenues during the year ended December 31, 2019.

Our geographical revenues, by origin, for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, were as follows:

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Customer types

Clinical Trials -  Every pharmaceutical or biotech company developing a new drug or therapy must seek development protocol approval by regulatory bodies like the FDA. These clinical trials are designed to test the safety and efficacy of the potential new drug/therapy among other things. In connection with the clinical trials, due to globalization, companies can enroll patients from all over the world and may need to regularly submit a blood or other specimen at the local hospital, doctor’s offices or laboratories. These samples are then sent to specified testing laboratories, which may be local or in another country. In addition, the therapies used by the patients may require biostorage and time critical and/or temperature-controlled shipping to the sites of the clinical trials. Importantly, clinical trial specimens are often irreplaceable because each one represents clinical data at a prescribed point in time, in a series of specimens on a given patient, who may be participating in a trial for years. Sample integrity during the shipping process is vital to retaining the maximum number of patients in each trial and keeping the trial on schedule  This can also include  the return and destruction of Investigational Medicinal Products. Clinical trial support involves a full ecosystem of Clinical Research Organizations and requires very flexible and highly qualified logistics and end-to-end supply chain solutions. Our global network of temperature-controlled supply chain solutions are ideally suited for this market. Furthermore, the IATA requires that all airborne shipments of laboratory specimens be transmitted in either IATA Instruction 650 or 602 certified packaging. We have developed and obtained IATA certification of our Cryoport Express^® platform.

Biotechnology and Diagnostic Companies - The biotechnology market includes basic and applied research and development in diverse areas such as stem cells, gene therapy, DNA tumor vaccines, tissue engineering, genomics, and blood products. Companies participating in the foregoing fields rely on the frozen storage and temperature-controlled transport of specimens in connection with their research and development efforts, for which our suite of supply chain solutions are ideally suited.

Cell Therapy Companies - Rapid advancements are underway in the research and development of cell-based therapies, which involve cellular material being infused into a patient. In allogeneic cell therapies, the donor is a different person than the recipient of the cells. Autologous cell therapy is a personalized therapeutic intervention that uses an individual’s cells, which are cultured and expanded outside the body, and reintroduced into the individual. Once cells are manufactured into a cellular therapy, in either case, they must be stored and shipped cryogenically for which our Cryoport Express^® Shipper solutions and MVE’s stainless steel cryogenic freezers are ideally suited.

Contract Research, Development & Manufacturing Companies - Increasingly, as evidenced by our strategic partnership with Lonza, CROs and Contract Development and Manufacturing Organizations ("CDMOs) are engaging our services exclusively in conjunction with their contract services platform in order to provide a higher level of service to our mutual client base. We anticipate that these relationships, which are mutually beneficial to both parties as well as our client base will accelerate and expand to include our entire portfolio of services in the coming months and years.

Central Laboratories - With the increase and globalization of clinical studies and trials, logistics has become more complex and ensuring sample integrity has become more challenging. International courier costs are now consuming a significant portion of global protocol budgets. We believe laboratories performing the testing of samples collected during the conduct of these global multi-site studies are looking for reliable state-of-the-art supply chain solutions. CRYOPDP’s global network of logistic centers have successfully supported central labs throughout the world.

Pharmaceutical or Therapy Distribution - The current focus for our products and solutions also includes the area of bio-pharmaceutical supply chain. There are a significant number of therapeutic therapies currently or anticipated soon to be undergoing clinical trials. After the FDA or regional or national authorities in EMEA or APAC approve them for commercial marketing, it will be necessary for the manufacturers to have a reliable and economical method of bio-storage and distribution to the physician who will administer the product to the patient. It is likely that the most efficient and reliable method of distribution will be to ship a single dosage to the administering physician. These therapies are typically identified to individual patients and therefore will require a complete tracking history from the manufacturer to the patient. The most reliable method of doing this is to ship a unit dosage specifically for each patient. If such therapies require temperature-controlled logistics, we can provide the technology to meet this need. This supply chain management also includes the support of Managed Access Programs, whereby patients with serious diseases sometimes require specific therapies that are not yet available and/or approved by local regulatory authorities. We have the experience in providing these specialty therapies into over 150 countries.

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Fertility Clinics and In Vitro Fertilization (“IVF”). Maintaining cryogenic temperatures during shipping and transfer of in vitro fertilization specimens like eggs, sperm, or embryos is critical for cell integrity in order to retain viability, stabilize the cells, and ensure reproducible results and successful IVF treatment. We believe that Cryoport Systems solutions for this market, branded as CryoStork^® services, are very compelling and well received. Additionally, MVE supplies stainless steel cryogenic freezers to fertility clinics that wish to store reproductive materials on site.  The global IVF services revenue market generated $12.5 billion in 2018 and is projected to reach $26.4 billion by 2026, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.8% from 2019 to 2026. The Assisted Reproductive Technology (“ART”) industry is also starting to undergo a significant change due to the consolidation of clinic networks into large corporations or venture backed organizations, which we believe will allow us to further build out our leadership position and set industry standards.

Animal Health Companies. The global animal health market size is expected to reach $73.6 billion by 2027, representing a CAGR of 5.8% from 2016 through 2027. The market is largely driven by a significant rise in the zoonotic and food-borne diseases globally. This unprecedented disease prevalence has encouraged companies to produce advanced vaccines and pharmaceuticals. The high demand has also resulted in the subsequent rise in the number of companies making consistent efforts to control risks of pathogen contamination and food-borne diseases, which is contributing to market growth. In addition to food animal production, companion animal support is another emerging area in which companies are investing heavily. This can be attributed to the fact that in the U.S. alone, 68 percent of households now include a pet, up from 58 percent in 1988, with total U.S. pet industry expenditures projected to rise. Globally, 62% of animal health revenue is driven by food animals and 38% companion animals.  Cryoport’s temperature-controlled supply chain solutions are well positioned to support storage and distribution needs of veterinary laboratories, large-scale repositories, and artificial insemination, particularly in the beef and dairy industry on a global basis.

University Research Facilities. Research is conducted globally at major universities.  Storage at cryogenic temperatures provides the most secure long-term storage for high value samples. Our broad line of products provides solutions tailored to university bio-repositories as well as individual researchers.

Sales and Marketing

We serve customers throughout the life sciences and our sales and marketing initiatives are global in nature, focusing on addressing each customer’s pain points and anticipated needs through best-in-call supply chain solutions. Our business development team has resources in the Americas, EMEA and the APAC regions to proactively support our customers and to ensure efficient business development with respect to the customer’s geographic activity, size and decision-making structure. Our marketing teams design and implement targeted digital campaigns to support our commercial strategy and promote our innovative portfolio of solutions and capabilities. Our marketing initiatives are designed to drive our business development, program management, consulting, other related activities and increase awareness of our advanced temperature-controlled supply chain solutions. Given the global nature of our business and the high focus on customers development and acquisition, we plan to continue to extend our sales and marketing team’s reach in the Americas, EMEA and the APAC regions by further strengthen our marketing initiatives, hiring additional resources and expanding our distributor and alliance network.

Industry and Competition

Our products and services are sold into a rapidly growing segment of the temperature-controlled supply chain industry focused on the temperature sensitive packaging, shipping and storing of cell therapies, biopharmaceuticals and other life sciences commodities. This growth is fueled in part by the advancements in biology and its continued commercial globalization. The pace of growth is expected to increase even more in the future as domestic and international biotechnology firms expand their clinical trials and introduce new products into the market that require continuous transportation and storage at rigorously controlled temperatures. This principle also applies to the animal health and human reproductive medicine markets. We believe these advances will require a greater dependence on passively controlled temperature transport systems (i.e., systems having no external power source). In addition, we expect that industry standards and regulations will be introduced globally, requiring more comprehensive tracking and validation of shipping temperatures.

We believe that advancements and growth in the following markets have resulted in the need for increased reliability, efficiencies and greater flexibility in the temperature sensitive segment of the life sciences logistics and supply chain market for:

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Our platform of temperature-controlled supply chain solutions includes advanced packaging, informatics, specialty logistics services, biostorage services, and low-temperature and cryogenic life sciences equipment.  Our equipment, solutions and services are comprehensive and integrated for maximum reliability, economy and total effectiveness. For example, our Cryoport Express^® Solutions platform enables life sciences companies to utilize their superior liquid nitrogen dry vapor technology without having to make capital investments or developing in-house logistics expertise and systems by offering a completely outsourced solution, which includes the cloud-based Cryoportal^® and UnITy^TM logistics management platforms, the SmartPak™ Condition Monitoring Systems and our 24/7/365 logistics support. Cryoport allows the clients to outsource their supply chain requirements and focus on their core competencies while maintaining visibility of all supply chain related information.

Companies that offer services that could be considered competitive to certain components of our platform of solutions include specialty couriers, such as World Courier Group, Inc., Marken Limited, and Quick Life Science Group and Air Liquide S.A., Biolife Solutions, Inc. and IC Biomedical. In addition, life science companies can develop their own inhouse temperature-controlled supply chain solutions, systems and procedures to cover their needs.

We have not identified any competition that offers a solution that is as comprehensive as our platform of solutions and that has been proven in the global market to the same extent as our solutions have.

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Engineering and Development

Our research, development and engineering efforts are focused on continually investigating new technologies that can improve our services and improving the features of our products and solutions, which includes our cloud-based Cryoportal^® Logistics Management Platform, Cryoport Express^® Shippers, secondary packaging solutions, our SmartPak II™ and other condition monitoring systems, technology used to enhance our specialty courier solutions,  as well as our advanced line of stainless-steel freezers, aluminum dewars and related ancillary equipment used in the storage and transport of life sciences commodities. These efforts are expected to lead to, based on market requirements, the introduction of additional systems and features, including dewars and other shippers of varying sizes and for various temperature ranges, bio-storage units of varying sizes and for varying ranges, , further advanced informatics and improved monitoring systems. We are continuously researching alternative and new technologies, lower cost materials, utilization of higher volume assembly methods, improved manufacturing methods and enabling technologies that will make it practical to provide a wider range of effective and advances solutions.

Alternative technologies and materials and/or new information and communication technologies may be used in the future to expand our potential market for our products and solutions. Examples of Cryoport’s continuing advancement of its engineered products include:

Cryoport’s Quality Assurance and Regulatory Affairs Program

We are committed to quality assurance and foster a culture of continuous improvement throughout our organization. Cryoport’s Quality Management System has been designed, implemented, and certified to meet ISO 9001:2015 standards in key global supply chain centers, demonstrating the discipline necessary to maintain a positive compliance profile.  With a strong foundation in ISO 9001:2015, we leverage our industry-specific experience, along with applicable regulatory requirements, to create processes and procedures that incorporate instructions with strong operational practices of checks with verification. This Quality Management System ensures proper controls from customer education, through the initial contract, processing, shipping and storage, accumulation and communication of proper monitoring and data collection, culminating in the successful completion of each transaction or shipment.

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The Cryoport Quality Management System incorporates notable good practice quality guidelines and regulations (GxP) elements, beyond those stipulated in ISO 9001:2015, to ensure the customer base is supported in the manner necessary to maintain standards and to secure a positive compliance profile as a supplier.  Notable elements include, but are not limited to, Good Documentation Practices, Archival processes and procedures, Supplier Controls (and approval), and Corrective Action and Preventive Action (CAPA) procedures, to highlight a few examples.

Via procedural requirements, Cryoport provides substantial risk-mitigation strategies throughout the full product line of services provided, routinely supporting and maintaining customer confidence.  Metrics are accumulated and on a routine basis are reported to the senior management ensuring appropriate decisions are made regarding resource allocation, corrective actions are taken, and that quality-driven initiatives are supported throughout the organization.

Our manufacturing operations are ISO 13485 qualified medical manufacturing facilities and are audited on a regular basis by authorized authorities for compliance.

Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) Program

The launch of our ESG program marks our first disclosure of ESG information based on the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) and the Taskforce on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD), which are leading global sustainability frameworks.  As a company focused on delivering lifesaving therapies by providing reliable and comprehensive temperature-controlled supply chain solutions for the life sciences industry, sustainability has always been integral to our work; however, in 2020 we began a formal evaluation of our ESG initiative and we have elevated sustainability to be one of our key priorities for guiding our operating philosophy and corporate governance as we move forward. The following information provides a snapshot of our commitment to and practice of good corporate and global citizenship and overall Sustainability and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance. As we move forward, we are committed to continuing to grow our Sustainability and ESG programs through increased focus on substantive issues and transparency in our reporting.

Environmental

As Cryoport continues to grow its business in a way that is considerate of our global community, we are committed to protecting our planet by using our world’s resources sensibly and minimizing our emissions and waste on a global basis. From an environmental standpoint, one example of our sustainability efforts is our cryogenic Cryoport Express^® Shipper, which uses the non-hazardous dry vapor form of liquid nitrogen and proprietary informatics to drive efficiencies in the use of resources throughout our company. This service offering also employs multi-use and recyclable packaging. Knowing that there is much more to do to aid in our environmental efforts, we have recently developed a system to collect data on a global scale for the purpose of quantifying the impact of all our environmental initiatives so that we may demonstrate our performance on this important matter to our shareholders, customers and other interested stakeholders.

Material Efficiency

Cryoport strives to operate in an efficient manner to ensure the optimization of raw materials, equipment, energy and labor. As an example of this in our manufacturing operations, Cryoport measures the effectiveness and efficiency of our production practices by tracking the amount of scrap material disposed of or sold on an annual basis. Comparing 2019 and 2020, Cryoport saw an improvement in scrap volumes of approximately 50%, with 414 scrap units generated in 2019 vs. 215 generated in 2020. Cryoport’s targeted goal for 2021 is to reduce this number by an additional 20%.

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Energy Efficiency of Products

Cryoport understands the importance of energy conservation as it relates to the reduction of its operational carbon footprint, efficient use of resource and cost management. The area that has the largest impact on energy efficiency associated with our products is thermal efficiency. One example is our Global Logistics Center Network which utilizes the International Safe Transit Association (ISTA) standard 7E to test and evaluate thermal performance against stated requirements of 10+ days of maintaining internal temperatures at or below negative 150^oC. Our products comply with this standard, and in turn, the products insulative properties require less energy to maintain prescribed temperature levels. Another example is from our manufacturing operations: our dewars do not consume any electricity, and our freezer units utilize liquid nitrogen as a cooling agent, which is the by-product of other processes, creating a closed-loop resource that reduces additional energy associated with sourcing, procuring, and delivery of resources purchased from third parties. Our efforts in these areas have a positive environmental outcome for Cryoport and its customers.

Materials of Concern

At Cryoport, we currently utilize minimal materials of concern in our operations, primarily in the form of isopropanol, epoxies, butyl cellosolve, lacquer thinner, paint, hyamine and isopropyl alcohol. We manage the minimal hazardous wastes generated in our production facilities in compliance with all state and federal regulations, and review opportunities to eliminate materials of concern and other managed waste streams on a regular cadence. As part of our strategy to reduce or eliminate materials of concern from our operations, in 2020 we began an initiative to discontinue the use of lacquer thinner as part of a larger paint line upgrade, which will significantly reduce the generation of hazardous waste throughout certain of our plants. Any hazardous waste that is generated is tracked and managed with an overall goal of eliminating hazardous materials where possible.

Environmental Footprint

Cryoport makes efforts where possible to minimize the environmental impact of our operations. We strive for a product base with long use phases to minimize impact associated with production of new product. At our MVE Biological Solutions production facility, we manufacture fusion freezer units that utilize 1/587 of the energy used by conventional mechanical freezers used for similar applications.  Our biostorage plant in Houston is powered exclusively by carbonless energy sources, translating to a significant reduction in carbon emissions compared to energy provided by coal-fired power plants. In 2020, the plant consumed 3,564,102 kWh of energy, which would have generated 3,487,702 pounds of greenhouse gas emissions if the plant was powered by traditional coal-fired power plants. This emissions savings is the equivalent of removing 544 passenger vehicles driven in one year.  Recently, our Paris, France operations moved into a new facility, which is designed with the highest French environmental standards and equipped with solar panels to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.

Social

Cryoport’s social efforts are focused on our global team of employees and communities. Our employees are our most valuable resource, from our teams on the front line in our global supply chain and logistics centers, to our manufacturing operations, to our business development personnel, to the engineers who design our products and services, to our quality assurance and regulatory teams that assure the safety, quality, compliance, and integrity of our products. Across our Company, we are committed to inclusion, equity and diverse representation in our employees. Cryoport’s Employee Health & Safety (EHS) programs have resulted in strong safety performance, as demonstrated by our total injury rate (TIR) and lost time injury rate (LTIR) being significantly lower than the global industry averages. Facilitated by our culture of continuous improvement, we are committed to continue to work toward reducing our TIR and LTIR numbers even further. Constructive supplier relationships are essential to our ability to meet customer requirements for quality solutions. We expect also our business partners to share our commitment to ethics, integrity, compliance, safety, human rights and environmental protection. By the same token, as a provider accountable to thousands of companies worldwide, we pledge, through our ESG performance, to meet or exceed our clients’ requirements for the same.

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Diversity

Cryoport is an Equal Employment Opportunity employer and currently tracks gender distribution across its operations and management. We maintain clear policies related to anti-harassment, discrimination and retaliation, and provide and anonymous, third party-managed reporting hotline for employees to report incidents of harassment, discrimination, and policy violations. In 2021, Cryoport will enhance and roll out new online corporate training programs related to diversity, harassment and discrimination, so that all employees will receive, at minimum, annual training on the topics of harassment, diversity and inclusion, business ethics and code of conduct. In addition, Cryoport’s recruiting programs include targeted outreach to a variety of under-represented constituents, including minorities, women, veterans, and disabled populations to help improve recruiting efforts while gaining valuable insights from a diverse set of recruits. Cryoport has partnered with or targeted organizations like Hire Heroes, Career OneStop, recruiting at Historical Black Colleges, Accounting and Financial Women’s Alliance, and Women in Technology.

Suppliers

Temperature controlled supply chain support to the life sciences industry is critical to all that Cryoport does; therefore, we currently take steps to conduct reviews and audit our existing and potential suppliers to ensure that appropriate compliance, health, safety, and labor practices are in place. Cryoport currently maintains a supplier questionnaire delivered prior to vendor approval and as part of a vendor auditing process to help verify that programs exist to manage specific risk areas. For example, we ask our transportation suppliers if they employ or work with a Dangerous Goods Safety Advisor, a credentialed role responsible for overseeing activities associated with dangerous goods, including but not limited to, employee training and coaching, reporting, and monitoring of activities associated with the transportation of dangerous goods. The purpose of this inquiry is to gauge the degree of oversight over dangerous goods management by our suppliers to help ensure product and employee welfare.

Research and Development

We do not conduct clinical trials, animal testing or use human tissue of any kind in the manufacture or design of our products, and our Code of Conduct governs the ethical behavior of our employees across Cryoport operations.

Data Security

Cryoport uses an outside Center for Internet Security (CIS) assessment firm to evaluate its data security controls in an effort protect our business and secure the information of our employees and customers. The evaluation process utilizes the CIS Critical Security Controls Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) methodology, and is an ongoing initiative used to continuously improve the CMMI rating for the company.

Governance

Integrity is one of our four Core Values as an organization, and we commit to operating with honesty, truthfulness and transparency in accordance to the highest ethical and corporate governance standards – mutual respect, integrity and trust are our foundation. As an ethical operator, we have developed a strong Code of Conduct and hold ourselves accountable to it in all we do. All of our employees across our operations are provided with training and reference materials to reinforce this commitment to integrity and ethics in our business. Our policies are clearly defined and include guidance on topics including, but not limited to: Corruption; Anti-Trust and Anti-Competitive Behavior; Insider Dealings; Gifts; Conflicts of Interest; Intellectual Property; Truthful and accurate reporting; Interactions with Healthcare professionals and Whistleblower protections.

In addition to our Code of Conduct, our senior leadership team actively oversees the governance of our ethics programs to help ensure that commitment is driven from the top down, and that program owners are accountable for successful program compliance.

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Cryoport Impact Statements

Examples of some of our positive environmental impacts include the following:

Impact of COVID-19

In late 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China, which has since spread globally. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic.  Further, the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in government authorities around the world implementing numerous measures to try to reduce the impact of COVID-19, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter in place or total lock-down orders. Many countries around the world have also implemented the temporary closure of non-essential businesses and other material limitations on the conduct of business. As a provider of life saving therapies, Cryoport is deemed to be an essential business and has remained fully open and operational.  However, the full extent and duration of this pandemic is still unknown at this point and the related governmental, business and travel restrictions in order to contain this virus are continuing to evolve globally. Accordingly, there is significant uncertainty related to the ultimate impact that this global pandemic will have on the results of our operations.

For example, several life sciences companies, including some of our clients, announced earlier in 2020 the temporary suspension of clinical studies and trials as well as other COVID-19 related risks that may impact their preclinical and clinical trials, including delays in patient enrollment or difficulties in initiating or expanding clinical trials, interruption of clinical trial activity, and diversion of healthcare resources to focus on COVID-19 activities. While these temporary suspensions and restrictions have been lifted, these may be reinstated, and other measures may be implemented. In addition, with respect to the impact of the pandemic on the human reproductive medicine market, the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) and European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) both issued recommendations in March of 2020 to temporarily defer fertility treatments and related activities. Both organizations have since updated and recently reaffirmed their recommendation to gradually and judiciously resume activities. While these actions have negatively impacted our revenue in the markets we serve temporarily during 2020, we cannot determine the longer-term impact at this point. A number of public announcements by government and clients indicate a regional or partially reinstating of COVID-19 related restrictions and while we have experienced revenue ramping back up gradually over time, this may be curtailed by new restrictions. Further, virus containment efforts as a result of governmental actions or policies or other initiatives could lead to further disruption in the supply chain and as a result, we may have difficulties sourcing raw materials and equipment or may incur additional direct costs to provide our solutions.

While longer-term client demand for our services overall remains strong, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the measures above taken by some of our clients have adversely impacted our revenue growth. See Risk Factors, “The recent global pandemic caused by COVID-19 has and could adversely affect our business operations, financial performance and results of operations, the extent of which is uncertain and difficult to predict.”

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Employees

We refer to our employees as our “team.” They are critical to our success. We are in constant communication and training. We believe that we have assembled a strong management/leadership  team with the experience and expertise needed to execute our business strategy.  As of December 31, 2020, we had 625 employees: 605 full-time, 10 part-time, and 10 temporary, of which 250 are located in the Americas, 158 in EMEA and 217 in APAC.  This is an increase of 500 employees since December 31, 2019, primarily as a result of two acquisitions completed during the fourth quarter of 2020 and the further build out of our organization to support the expected growth in the markets we serve. We anticipate hiring additional personnel as needs dictate to implement our global growth strategy.

Corporate History and Structure

We are a Nevada corporation originally incorporated under the name G.T.5-Limited (“GT5”) on May 25, 1990. In connection with a Share Exchange Agreement, on March 15, 2005 we changed our name to Cryoport, Inc. and acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock of Cryoport Systems, Inc., a California corporation, in exchange for 200,901 shares of our common stock (which represented approximately 81% of the total issued and outstanding shares of common stock following the close of the transaction). Cryoport Systems, Inc., which was originally formed in 1999 as a California limited liability company, was reorganized into a California corporation on December 11, 2000 and converted into Cryoport Systems, LLC, a California limited liability company, on September 17, 2020, remains one of our operating companies under Cryoport, Inc. Our principal executive offices are located at 112 Westwood Place, Suite 350, Brentwood, TN 37027. The telephone number of our principal executive office is (949) 470-2300, and our main corporate website is www.cryoport.com. The information on or that can be accessed through our website is not part of this Form 10-K.

The Company became public via a reverse merger with a shell company in May 2005. Over time the Company has transitioned from being a development company to a fully operational public company, providing a platform of temperature-controlled logistics solutions to the life sciences industry globally.

Information about our Executive Officers

The following are our executive officers as of the filing date of this Form 10-K:

Jerrell W. Shelton. Mr. Shelton became a member of our board of directors in October 2012 and was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company in November 2012.  He was appointed Chairman of the Board in October 2015.  He served on the Board of Directors and standing committees of Solera Holdings, Inc. from April 2007 through November 2011.  From June 2004 to May 2006, Mr. Shelton was the Chairman and CEO of Wellness, Inc., a provider of advanced, integrated hospital and clinical environments.  Prior to that, he served as Visiting Executive to IBM Research and Head of IBM’s WebFountain.  From October 1998 to October 1999, Mr. Shelton was Chairman, President and CEO of NDC Holdings II, Inc.  Between October 1996 and July 1998, he was President and CEO of Continental Graphics Holdings, Inc.  And from October 1991 to July 1996, Mr. Shelton served as President and CEO of Thomson Business Information Group.  Mr. Shelton has a B.S. in Business Administration from the University of Tennessee and an M.B.A. from Harvard University.   Mr. Shelton’s extensive leadership, management, strategic planning and financial expertise through his various leadership and directorship roles in public, private and global companies, makes him well-qualified to serve as a member of the board of directors.

Robert S. Stefanovich. Mr. Stefanovich became Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer for the Company in June 2011. In 2019, he was also given the title Senior Vice President. From 2011 to 2019, Mr. Stefanovich served as the Secretary of the Company. From June 15, 2012 to November 4, 2012, Mr. Stefanovich served as the Principal Executive Officer of the Company. From November 2007 through March 2011, Mr. Stefanovich served as Chief Financial Officer of Novalar Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a venture-backed specialty pharmaceutical company. Prior to that, he held several senior positions, including interim Chief Financial Officer of Xcorporeal, Inc., a publicly traded medical device company, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Artemis International Solutions Corporation, a publicly traded software company, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary of Aethlon Medical Inc., a publicly traded medical device company and Vice President of Administration at SAIC, a Fortune 500 company. Mr. Stefanovich also served as a member of the Software Advisory Group and an Audit Manager with Price Waterhouse LLP’s (now PricewaterhouseCoopers) hi-tech practice in San Jose, CA and Frankfurt, Germany. He currently also serves as a board member of Project InVision International, a provider of business performance improvement solutions. He received his Master of Business Administration and Engineering from University of Darmstadt, Germany.

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Mark Sawicki, Ph.D. Dr. Sawicki became President and Chief Executive Officer of Cryoport Systems, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and the Senior Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer of the Company in September 2020 and served as the Chief Commercial Officer of Cryoport Systems from January 2015 to August 2020. Dr. Sawicki brings over 20 years of business development and sales management experience, having consistently delivered on corporate revenue and market share goals in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. Dr. Sawicki previously served as the Chief Business Officer at AAIPharma Services Corporation/Cambridge Major Laboratories Inc. (now Alcami Corporation), a contract development, testing, and manufacturing organization for pharma and biotech companies. Additionally, he has served in senior business development roles at CMC Biologics, a provider of biopharmaceutical contract manufacturing services, and Albany Molecular Research Inc. (AMRI), a contract research and manufacturing organization. Dr. Sawicki holds a bachelor's in biochemistry from the State University of New York at Buffalo and a Ph.D. in biochemistry from the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. He also received graduate training at the Hauptman Woodard Medical Research Institute. Sawicki has authored a dozen scientific publications in drug discovery with a focus on oncology and immunology.

Available Information

Our main corporate website address is www.cryoport.com. The information on or that can be accessed through our website is not part of this Form 10-K. We electronically file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) our Annual Report on Form 10‑K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10‑Q, Current Reports on Form 8‑K and amendments to the reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. We make available free of charge on or through our website copies of these reports as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file these reports with, or furnish them to, the SEC. The SEC also maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

The following risk factors could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. These risk factors do not identify all of the risks that we face. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could also be affected by factors that are not presently known to us or that we currently consider to be immaterial.

Risks Related to Our Business Combinations

The MVE Biological Solutions and CRYOPDP acquisitions have resulted in organizational change and significant growth to our business. If we fail to effectively manage this growth and change to our business in a manner that preserves our reputation with customers and the key aspects of our corporate culture, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.

The MVE Biological Solutions and CRYOPDP acquisitions have resulted in significant growth in our operations and personnel, adding approximately 460 employees to our headcount, bringing our total headcount as of December 31, 2020 to approximately 625 employees, adding significant operations in the US, Europe and Asia, while expanding our product offerings into new temperature-controlled ranges and cryogenic equipment. We will continue to incur significant expenditures and the allocation of management time to assimilate the MVE Biological Solutions and CRYOPDP businesses in a manner that preserves the key aspects of our corporate culture, including a focus on strong customer satisfaction, but there can be no assurance that we will be successful in our efforts. If we do not effectively integrate, train and manage our combined employee base and maintain strong relationships with both our existing and new customers, our corporate culture could be undermined, the quality of our products and customer service could suffer, and our reputation could be harmed, each of which could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The actual impact of the MVE Biological Solutions and CRYOPDP acquisitions on our financial results may be worse than the assumptions we have used.

We have made certain assumptions relating to the impact on our financial results of the MVE Biological Solutions and CRYOPDP  acquisitions. These assumptions relate to numerous matters, including the acquisition costs, including transaction and integration costs, and other financial and strategic risks of the acquisitions. If one or more of these assumptions are incorrect, it could have an adverse effect on our business and operating results, and the perceived benefits from the acquisitions may not be realized.

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The integration and operation of acquired businesses, including MVE Biological Solutions and CRYOPDP, may disrupt our business and create additional expenses, and we may not achieve the anticipated benefits of the acquisitions.

Integration of an acquired business involves numerous risks, including assimilation of operations of the acquired business, such as MVE Biological Solutions and CRYOPDP, and difficulties in the convergence of systems and processes, the diversion of management’s attention from other business concerns, risks of entering markets in which we have had no or only limited direct experience, assumption of unknown or unquantifiable liabilities, difficulties in completing strategic initiatives already underway in the acquired company, and unfamiliarity with partners of the acquired company, each of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. In particular, the integration of businesses the size of MVE Biological Solutions and CRYOPDP into our business may be more difficult and time consuming than anticipated, and we may be unable to achieve the expected synergies and operating efficiencies within the expected time frames or at all. We cannot assure that these risks or other unforeseen factors will not offset the intended benefits of the acquisitions, in whole or in part.

Additionally, potential acquisition opportunities become available to us from time to time, and we periodically engage in discussions or negotiations relating to potential acquisitions, including acquisitions that may be material in size or scope to our business. Any acquisition may or may not occur and, if an acquisition does occur, it may not be successful in enhancing our business for one or more of the following reasons:

Acquisitions and strategic investments and alliances may also require us to integrate and collaborate with a different company culture, management team, business model, business infrastructure and sales and distribution methodology and assimilate and retain geographically dispersed, decentralized operations and personnel. Depending on the size and complexity of an acquisition, our successful integration of the entity depends on a variety of factors, including introducing new products and meeting revenue targets as expected, the retention of key employees and key customers, increased exposure to certain governmental regulations and compliance requirements and increased costs and use of resources. Further, the integration of acquired businesses is likely to result in our systems and internal controls becoming increasingly complex and more difficult to manage. Any difficulties in the assimilation of acquired businesses into our control system could harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations.

Even if we are able to successfully integrate acquired businesses, we may not be able to realize the revenue and other synergies and growth that we anticipated from the acquisition in the time frame that we expected, and the costs of achieving these benefits may be higher than what we expected. As a result, the acquisition and integration of acquired businesses may not contribute to our earnings as expected and we may not achieve the other anticipated strategic and financial benefits of such transactions.

Risks Related to Our Business

Our products and services may contain errors or defects, which could result in damage to our reputation, lost revenues, diverted development resources and increased service costs, litigation and product recalls.

Our products and services must meet stringent requirements and we must develop our products and services solutions quickly to keep pace with the rapidly changing market. Product and services as sophisticated as ours could contain undetected errors or defects, especially when first introduced or when new equipment or versions of our software are released. If our product and services are not free from errors or defects, we may incur an injury to our reputation, lost revenues, diverted development resources, increased customer service and support costs, product recalls and litigation. The costs incurred in correcting any product errors or defects may be substantial and could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

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Due to the low temperatures at which some of our products are used  and the fact that some of our products are relied upon by our customers or end users in their facilities or operations or are manufactured for relatively broad medical, transportation, or consumer use, we face an inherent risk of exposure to claims (which MVE Biological Solutions has been subject to from time to time and some of which were substantial) in the event that the failure, use, or misuse of our products results, or is alleged to result, in death, bodily injury, property or sample damage, or economic loss. For example, during 2019, MVE Biological Solutions’ products were the subject of numerous lawsuits (including purported class action lawsuits filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California) with respect to the alleged failure of a stainless steel cryobiological storage tank at the Pacific Fertility Center in San Francisco, California. In addition, Cryogene specializes in the secure storage of biological specimens, materials and samples covering the full range of temperatures from cryogenic through controlled room temperature. Any damage to these specimens, materials and samples may be attributed to a failure of Cryogene’s storage systems or services, which could lead to claims for damages made by customers and could also harm our relationship with customers and damage our reputation in the life sciences industry, resulting in material harm to our business. Although we currently maintain product liability coverage, which we believe is adequate for product liability claims and for the continued operation of our business, it includes customary exclusions and conditions, it may not cover certain specialized applications and it generally does not cover warranty claims. Additionally, such insurance may become difficult to obtain or be unobtainable in the future on terms acceptable to us. A successful product liability claim or series of claims against us, including one or more consumer claims purporting to constitute class actions or claims resulting from extraordinary loss events, in excess of or outside our insurance coverage, or a significant warranty claim or series of claims against us, could materially decrease our liquidity, impair our financial condition, and adversely affect our results of operations.  See “—Risks Related to Our Business—Our products and services may expose us to liability in excess of our current insurance coverage” for additional information.

In addition, regardless of merit or eventual outcome, product liability claims may result in, among other things, costs of litigation, distraction of management’s attention from our primary business, the inability to commercialize our existing or new products, decreased demand for our products or, if cleared or approved, products in development, damage to our business reputation, product recalls or withdrawals from the market, withdrawal of clinical trial participants, substantial monetary awards to patients or other claimants, or loss of revenue.

While we may attempt to manage our product liability exposure by proactively recalling or withdrawing from the market any defective products, any recall or market withdrawal of our products may delay the supply of those products to our customers and may impact our reputation. We can provide no assurance that we will be successful in initiating appropriate market recall or market withdrawal efforts that may be required in the future or that these efforts will have the intended effect of preventing product malfunctions and the accompanying product liability that may result. Additionally, any recall could result in significant costs to us and significant adverse publicity, which could harm our ability to market our products in the future. Such recalls and withdrawals may also be used by our competitors to harm our reputation for safety or be perceived by patients as a safety risk when considering the use of our products. Though it may not be possible to quantify the economic impact of a recall, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Additionally, for some of our products we offer a limited warranty for product returns which are due to defects in quality and workmanship. We attempt to estimate our potential liability for future product returns and establish reserves on our financial statements in amounts that we believe will be sufficient to address our warranty obligations; however, our actual liability for product returns may significantly exceed the amount of our reserves. If we underestimate our potential liability for future product returns, or if unanticipated events result in returns that exceed our historical experience, our financial condition and operating results could be materially and adversely affected.

The recent global pandemic caused by COVID-19 has already and may continue to adversely affect our business operations, financial performance and results of operations, the extent of which is uncertain and difficult to predict.

In late 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China, which has since spread globally. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. Further, the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in government authorities around the world implementing numerous measures to try to reduce the impact of COVID-19, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter in place or total lock-down orders. Many countries around the world have also implemented the temporary closure of non-essential businesses and other material limitations on the conduct of business. As a result of the COVID-19 outbreak and the related responses from government authorities, our business operations, financial performance and results of operations have been adversely affected as a result of reduced demand for our services in all markets. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations–Recent Developments – Impact of COVID-19” for additional information.

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Additionally, our business operations, financial performance and results of operations have been and could be further adversely impacted in a number of ways, including, but not limited to, the following:

The spread of COVID-19 has caused us to modify our business practices (including employee travel, employee work locations, and cancellation of physical participation in meetings, events and conferences), and we may take further actions as may be required by government authorities or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers, partners, and suppliers. There is no certainty that such measures will be sufficient to mitigate the risks posed by the virus, and our ability to perform critical functions could be harmed.

Additionally, COVID-19 could negatively affect our internal controls over financial reporting as a portion of our workforce is required to work from home and therefore new processes, procedures, and controls could be required to respond to changes in our business environment. Further, should any key employees become ill from COVID-19 and unable to work, the attention of the management team could be diverted.

The potential effects of COVID-19 may also impact and potentially heighten many of our other risk factors discussed in this “Risk Factors” section. The degree to which COVID-19 impacts our business operations, financial performance and results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain, continuously evolving and cannot be predicted, including, but not limited to, the duration and spread of the COVID-19 outbreak, its severity, the actions to contain the virus or treat its impact and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume.

As an increasingly global business, we are exposed to economic, political, and other risks in different countries which could materially reduce our sales, profitability or cash flows, or materially increase our liabilities.

Since we manufacture and sell our products worldwide, our business is subject to risks associated with doing business internationally. Our future results could be harmed by a variety of factors, including:

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We will have difficulty increasing our revenues if we experience delays, difficulties or unanticipated costs in establishing the sales, marketing and distribution capabilities necessary to successfully commercialize our solutions.

We plan to further enhance our sales, marketing and distribution capabilities in the Americas, EMEA, and APAC, including through our recent acquisitions of MVE Biological Solutions and CRYOPDP, which expands our sales, marketing and distribution capabilities in these regions. It will be expensive and time-consuming for us to develop and integrate our global marketing and sales network and thus we intend to further broaden our strategic alliances with domestic and international providers of shipping services and other solutions providers to the life sciences industry to incorporate use of our platform of solutions in their service offerings. We may not be able to provide adequate incentive to our sales force or to establish and maintain favorable distribution and marketing collaborations with others to promote our solutions. In addition, any third party with whom we have established a marketing and distribution relationship may not devote sufficient time to the marketing and sales of our solutions, thereby exposing us to potential expenses in exiting such distribution agreements. We, and any of our alliance partners, must also market our services in compliance with federal, state, local and international laws relating to the provision of incentives and inducements. Violation of these laws can result in substantial penalties. Therefore, if we are unable to successfully motivate and expand our marketing and sales force and further develop our sales and marketing capabilities, or if our alliance partners fail to promote our solutions, we will have difficulty increasing our revenues and the revenue may not offset the additional expense of expansion.

The adoption cycle of our target customers tends to be very lengthy, which has, and is expected to continue to, adversely affect our ability to increase revenues quickly.

We offer our solutions to companies in the life sciences industry. These companies operate within a heavily regulated environment and as such, changing vendors and distribution practices typically require a number of steps, which may include the audit of our facilities, review of our procedures, qualifying us as a vendor, and performing test shipments. This process can take several months or longer to complete, involving multiple levels of approval, prior to a company fully adopting our platform and products. The logistics management of many companies is decentralized adding to the time needed to effect adaptation of our solutions. In addition, any such adoption may be on a gradual basis such that the customer progressively ramps up use of our solutions following adoption. The slow adoption process has, and is expected to continue to, adversely affect our ability to increase revenues quickly.

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We depend on the availability of certain component products used in our solutions; if we experience delays in the procurement of components manufactured by third parties, then we may experience customer dissatisfaction and our reputation could suffer.

If we fail to procure sufficient components used in our products from our third-party manufacturers, we may be unable to deliver our solutions to our customers on a timely basis, which could lead to customer dissatisfaction and could harm our reputation and ability to compete. We currently acquire various component parts for our solutions from various independent manufacturers, some of which are sole sourced. We would likely experience significant delays or cessation in producing some of these components if a labor strike, natural disaster, public health crisis or other supply disruption were to occur, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, at any of our main suppliers. If we are unable to procure a component from one of our manufacturers, we may be required to enter into arrangements with one or more alternative manufacturing companies, which may cause delays in producing components or result in significant increase in costs. To date, we have not experienced any material delay that has adversely impacted our operations, but this does not mean that we will continue to have timely access to adequate supplies of essential materials and components in the future or that supplies of these materials and components will be available on satisfactory terms when needed. If our vendors for these materials and components are unable to meet our requirements, fail to make shipments in a timely manner, or ship defective materials or components, we could experience a shortage or delay in supply or fail to meet our contractual requirements, which would adversely affect our results of operations and negatively impact our cash flow and profitability.

We expect to base our equipment and inventory purchasing decisions on our forecasts of customers’ demand, and if our forecasts are inaccurate, our operating results could be materially harmed.

As our customer base increases, we expect the need to purchase additional equipment and inventory. Our forecasts will be based on multiple assumptions, each of which may cause our estimates to be inaccurate, affecting our ability to provide products to our customers. When demand for our products increases significantly, we may not be able to meet demand on a timely basis, and we may need to expend a significant amount of time working with our customers to allocate limited supply and maintain positive customer relations, or we may incur additional costs in order to rush the manufacture and delivery of additional products. If we underestimate customers’ demand, we may forego revenue opportunities, lose market share and damage our customer relationships. Conversely, if we overestimate customer demand, we may purchase more equipment and inventory than we are able to use or sell at any given time or at all. As a result of our failure to properly estimate demand for our products, we could have excess or obsolete equipment and/or inventory, resulting in a decline in the value of our equipment and/or inventory, which would increase our costs of revenues and reduce our liquidity. Our failure to accurately manage our equipment purchases and inventory relative to demand would adversely affect our operating results.

If we suffer a loss to our factories, facilities or distribution system due to factors outside of our control our operations could be seriously harmed.

We rely on our distribution system including third-party shipment and carrier services to transport our shippers containing biological material. These third-party operations could be subject to natural disasters, adverse weather conditions, other business disruptions, and carrier error, which could cause delays in the delivery of our shippers, which in turn could cause serious harm to the biological material being shipped. As a result, any prolonged delay in shipment, whether due to technical difficulties, power failures, break-ins, destruction or damage to carrier facilities as a result of a natural disaster, fire, or any other reason, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, could result in damage to the contents of the shipper.

Additionally, our factories, facilities and distribution system may be subject to catastrophic loss due to fire, flood, terrorism, increasing severity or frequency of extreme weather events, or other natural or man-made disasters. Certain components of our key product are manufactured in China and the extent to which our ability to produce products is affected by COVID-19 will largely continue to depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted. Additionally, we operate facilities in Irvine, California, Livingston, New Jersey, Ball Ground, Georgia, New Prague, Minnesota, Houston, Texas and Hoofddorp, Netherlands, some of which specialize in the secure storage of biological specimens, materials and samples. If natural disasters or similar events, like hurricanes, fires or explosions or large-scale accidents or power outages, were to occur that prevented us from using all or a significant portion of these facilities, damaged critical infrastructure or our customers’ biological samples, or otherwise disrupted operations at such facility, this could affect our ability to maintain ongoing operations and cause us to incur significant expenses. Insurance coverage may not be adequate to fully cover losses in any particular case.

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Our products and services may expose us to liability in excess of our current insurance coverage.

Our platform of products and services involve significant risks of liability, which may substantially exceed the revenues we derive from them. We cannot predict the magnitude of these potential liabilities. We currently maintain general liability insurance and product liability insurance. Claims may be made against us that exceed the limits of these policies.

Our liability policy is an “occurrence” based policy. Thus, our policy is complete when we purchased it and following cancellation of the policy it continues to provide coverage for future claims based on conduct that took place during the policy term. Our insurance coverage, however, may not protect us against all liability because our policies typically have various exceptions to the claims covered and also require us to assume some costs of the claim even though a portion of the claim may be covered. In addition, if we expand into new markets, we may not be aware of the need for, or be able to obtain insurance coverage for such activities or, if insurance is obtained, the dollar amount of any liabilities incurred could exceed our insurance coverage. A partially or completely uninsured claim, if successful and of significant magnitude, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we use biological and hazardous materials in a manner that causes injury, we could be liable for damages.

Our customers may ship potentially harmful biological materials in our dewars. We cannot eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or injury to employees or third parties from the use, storage, handling or disposal of these materials. In the event of contamination or injury, we could be held liable for any resulting damages, and any liability could exceed our resources or any applicable insurance coverage we may have. Additionally, we are subject to, on an ongoing basis, federal, state and local laws and regulations governing the use, storage, handling and disposal of these materials and specified waste products. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for damages.

We operate in a competitive industry and if we cannot compete effectively, we will lose business.

We expect to continue to experience significant and increasing levels of competition in the future. While there are technological and marketing barriers to entry, we cannot guarantee that these barriers will be sufficient to defend our market share against current and future competitors. Our principal competitive considerations in our market include:

Our future revenue stream depends to a large degree on our ability to bring new solutions and services to market on a timely basis. We generally sell our products in industries that are characterized by increased competition through frequent innovation, rapid technological changes and changing industry standards. Without the timely introduction of new products, services and enhancements, our products and services may become obsolete over time, in which case our revenue and operating results could suffer.

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There may also be other companies which are currently developing competitive products and services or which may in the future develop technologies and products that are comparable, superior or less costly than our own. For example, some specialty couriers and packaging manufacturers with greater resources currently provide temperature controlled packaging solutions and may develop other products or solutions in the future, both of which compete with our products. A competitor that has greater resources than us may be able to develop and expand their networks and product offerings more quickly, devote greater resources to the marketing and sale of their solutions and adopt more aggressive pricing policies. We may not be able to successfully compete with a competitor that has greater resources and such competition may adversely affect our business.

If we successfully develop products and/or services, but those products and/or services do not achieve and maintain market acceptance, our business will not be profitable.

The degree of acceptance of our platform of our existing products or any future products or services by our current target markets, and any other markets to which we attempt to sell our products and services, and our profitability and growth will depend on a number of factors including, among others, our shippers’ ability to perform and preserve the integrity of the materials shipped, relative convenience and ease of use of our shippers and/or Cryoportal^®, availability of alternative products or new technologies that make our solutions offering less desirable or competitive, pricing and cost effectiveness, effectiveness of our or our collaborators’ sales and marketing strategy and the adoption cycles of our targeted customers.

In addition, even if our products and services achieve market acceptance, we may not be able to maintain that market acceptance over time if new products or services are introduced that are more favorably received than our products and services, are more cost effective, or render our products obsolete. Although we are not aware of any other treatments or methods currently being developed that would directly compete with the methods we employ, there can be no assurance that future developments in technology will not make our technology non-competitive or obsolete, or significantly reduce our operating margins or the demand for our offerings, or otherwise negatively impact our ability to be profitable.

Risks Associated with Our Intellectual Property

Our success depends, in part, on our ability to obtain patent protection for our solutions, preserve our trade secrets, and operate without infringing the proprietary rights of others.

Our policy is to seek to protect our proprietary position by, among other methods, filing United States patent applications related to our technology, inventions and improvements that are important to the development of our business. Our patents or patent applications may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented in the future or the rights granted may not provide a competitive advantage. We intend to vigorously protect and defend our intellectual property. Costly and time-consuming litigation brought by us may be necessary to enforce our patents and to protect our trade secrets and know-how, or to determine the enforceability, scope and validity of the proprietary rights of others.

We also rely upon trade secrets, technical know-how and continuing technological innovation to develop and maintain our competitive position. We seek to protect these trade secrets, in part, by entering into confidentiality agreements and inventions assignment and work for hire agreements in connection with their employment, consulting, or advisory relationships. Despite these efforts, any of these parties may breach the agreements and disclose our proprietary information, including our trade secrets, and we may not be able to obtain adequate remedies for such breaches.  Additionally, our competitors may independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary information and techniques or otherwise gain access to our proprietary technology, or we may not be able to meaningfully protect our rights in unpatented proprietary technology.

While we are not aware of any third party that is infringing any of our patents or trademarks nor do we believe that we are infringing on the patents or trademarks of any other person or organization, we cannot guarantee that our current and potential competitors and other third parties have not filed (or in the future will not file) patent applications for (or have not received or in the future will not receive) patents or obtain additional proprietary rights that will prevent, limit or interfere with our ability to make, use or sell our solutions either in the United States or internationally. Additionally, we may face assertions of claims by holders of patents alleging that we are infringing upon their patent rights, which claims may be without merit, but may nonetheless result in our incurring substantial costs of defense.

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We are dependent on third parties for the continued development and maintenance of our Cryoportal^® software.

Our proprietary Cryoportal^® is a logistics platform software used by our customers, business partners and client care team to automate the entry of orders, prepare customs documentation and facilitate status and location monitoring of shipped orders while in transit. The continued development of the Cryoportal^® platform is in part contracted to outside software development companies. If these companies become unable or unwilling to continue work on scheduled projects, and an alternative software development company cannot be secured, we may not be able to implement needed enhancements to the system. Failure to proceed with enhancements to the system would adversely affect our ability to generate new business and serve existing customers, resulting in a reduction in revenue.

Our customers could also become the target of litigation relating to the patent and other intellectual property rights of others.

Any litigation relating to the intellectual property rights of others could trigger technical support and indemnification obligations in licenses or customer agreements that we may enter into. These obligations could result in substantial expenses, including the payment by us of costs and damages relating to claims of intellectual property infringement. In addition to the time and expense required for us to provide support or indemnification to our customers, any such litigation could disrupt the businesses of our customers, which in turn could hurt our relationships with such customers and cause the sale of our products to decrease. No assurance can be given that claims for indemnification will not be made, or that if made, such claims would not have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial conditions.

We rely upon certain critical information systems, including our Cryoportal^® software platform, for the operation of our business and the failure of any critical information system could adversely impact our reputation and future revenues and we may be required to increase our spending on data and system security.

We rely upon certain critical information systems, including our Cryoportal^® software platform which is used by our customers and business partners to automate the entry of orders, prepare customs documentation and facilitate status and location monitoring of shipped orders while in transit. In addition, the provision of service to our customers and the operation of our networks and systems involve the storage and transmission of significant amounts of proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data, including personal information of customers, employees and others. Our technology infrastructure and critical information systems are subject to damage or interruption from a number of potential sources, including unauthorized intrusions, cyber-attacks, software viruses or other malware, natural disasters, power failures, employee error or malfeasances and other events. Despite our best efforts, no cybersecurity or emergency recovery process is failsafe, and if our safeguards fail or our technology infrastructure or critical information systems are compromised, the safety and efficiency of our operations could be materially harmed, our reputation could suffer, and we could face additional costs, liabilities, costly legal challenges. Additionally, an actual or alleged failure to comply with applicable United States or foreign data protection regulations or other data protection standards may expose us to litigation, fines, sanctions or other penalties. We do not have cyber security insurance and we may incur significant costs in the event of a successful cyber-attack against us. The cost and operational consequences of implementing, maintaining and enhancing further data or system protection measures could increase significantly to overcome increasingly intense, complex and sophisticated global cyber threats.

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Risks Related to Regulatory and Legal Matters

Complying with certain regulations that apply to shipments using our solutions can limit our activities and increase our cost of operations.

Shipments using our solutions and services are subject to various regulations in the various countries in which we operate. For example, shipments using our solutions may be required to comply with the shipping requirements promulgated by the Centers for Disease Control (“CDC”), the Occupational Safety and Health Organization (“OSHA”), the Department of Transportation (“DOT”) as well as rules established by the IATA and the ICAO. Additionally, our data logger may be subject to regulation and certification by the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”), and the Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”). We will need to ensure that our solutions and services comply with relevant rules and regulations to make our solutions and services marketable, and in some cases compliance is difficult to determine. Significant changes in such regulations could require costly changes to our solutions and services or prevent use of our shippers for an extended period of time while we seek to comply with changed regulations. If we are unable to comply with any of these rules or regulations or fail to obtain any required approvals, our ability to market our solutions and services may be adversely affected. In addition, even if we are able to comply with these rules and regulations, compliance can result in increased costs. In either event, our financial results and condition may be adversely affected. We depend on our business partners and unrelated and frequently unknown third-party agents in foreign countries to act on our behalf to complete the importation process and to make delivery of our shippers to the final user. The failure of these third parties to perform their duties could result in damage to the contents of the shipper resulting in customer dissatisfaction or liability to us, even if we are not at fault.

Changes in U.S. trade policy, tariff and import/export regulations may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our international operations and transactions also depend upon favorable trade relations between the United States and the foreign countries in which our customers and suppliers have operations. Changes in U.S. or international social, political, regulatory and economic conditions or in laws and policies governing foreign trade, manufacturing, development and investment in the territories or countries where we currently sell our products or conduct our business, as well as any negative sentiment toward the United States as a result of such changes, could adversely affect our business. The current U.S. presidential administration has instituted or proposed changes in trade policies that include the negotiation or termination of trade agreements, the imposition of higher tariffs on imports into the United States, economic sanctions on individuals, corporations or countries, and other government regulations affecting trade between the United States and other countries where we conduct our business. It may be time consuming and expensive for us to alter our business operations in order to adapt to or comply with any such changes.

As a result of certain policy changes of the U.S. presidential administration and from certain U.S. government proposals, there may be greater restrictions and economic disincentives on international trade. The new tariffs and other changes in U.S. trade policy could trigger retaliatory actions by affected countries, and certain foreign governments have instituted or are considering imposing trade sanctions on certain U.S. goods. We do a significant amount of business that would be impacted by changes to the trade policies of the United States and foreign countries (including governmental action related to tariffs, international trade agreements, or economic sanctions). Such changes have the potential to adversely impact the U.S. economy or certain sectors thereof, our industry and the global demand for our products. We may not succeed in developing and implementing policies and strategies to counter the foregoing factors effectively in each location where we do business and the foregoing factors may cause a reduction in our sales, profitability or cash flows, or cause an increase in our liabilities.

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We, along with our customers, are subject to various international governmental regulations. Compliance with or changes in such regulations may cause us to incur significant expenses, and if we fail to maintain satisfactory compliance with certain regulations, we may be forced to recall products and cease their manufacture and distribution, and we could be subject to civil or criminal penalties.

We, along with our customers, are subject to various significant international, federal, state and local regulations, including but not limited to regulations in the areas of health and safety, packaging, product content, employment, labor and immigration, import/export controls, trade restrictions and anti-competition. In addition, as a global organization, we are subject to data privacy and security laws, regulations, and customer-imposed controls in numerous jurisdictions as a result of having access to and processing confidential, personal, sensitive and/or patient health data in the course of our business. The EU's General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), which became effective in May 2018, applies to our activities related to products and services that we offer to EU customers and workers. The GDPR established new requirements regarding the handling of personal data and includes significant penalties for non-compliance (including possible fines of up to 4 percent of total company revenue). Other governmental authorities around the world have passed or are considering similar types of legislative and regulatory proposals concerning data protection. Each of these privacy, security and data protection laws and regulations could impose significant limitations and increase our cost of providing our products and services where we process end user personal data and could harm our results of operations and expose us to significant fines, penalties and other damages.

We must also comply with complex foreign and U.S. laws and regulations, such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, and other local laws prohibiting corrupt payments to governmental officials, anti-competition regulations and sanctions imposed by the U.S. Office of Foreign Assets Control and other similar laws and regulations. Violations of these laws and regulations could result in fines and penalties, criminal sanctions, restrictions on our business conduct and on our ability to offer our products in one or more countries, and could also materially affect our brand, our ability to attract and retain employees, our international operations, our business and our operating results. Although we have implemented policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with these laws and regulations, there can be no assurance that our employees, contractors, or agents will not violate our policies.

These regulations are complex, change frequently and have tended to become more stringent over time. We may be required to incur significant expenses to comply with these regulations or to remedy any violations of these regulations. Any failure by us to comply with applicable government regulations could also result in the cessation of our operations or portions of our operations, product recalls or impositions of fines and restrictions on our ability to carry on or expand our operations. In addition, because many of our products are regulated or sold into regulated industries, we must comply with additional regulations in marketing our products. Any significant change in these regulations could reduce demand for our products, force us to modify our products to comply with new regulations or increase our costs of producing these products. If demand for our products is adversely affected or our costs increase, our operating results and business would suffer.

We are subject to regulation by the FDA or certain similar foreign regulatory agencies, and failure to comply with such regulations could harm our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.

Certain of our operations are subject to regulation by the FDA or similar foreign regulatory agencies. For example, we are aware that China’s National Medical Products Administration has had discussions that may require certain of our products to be registered as Class II medical devices. In addition, we may in the future develop products that are subject to regulation as medical devices by the FDA and similar foreign regulatory agencies. The regulations enforced by the FDA and similar regulatory agencies govern a wide variety of product-related activities, including the research, development, testing, manufacture, quality control, approval, clearance, labeling, packaging, storage, record-keeping, promotion, advertising, distribution, marketing, post-approval monitoring and reporting, pricing, and export and import of pharmaceutical products. If we or any of our customers, suppliers or distributors fail to comply with FDA and other applicable regulatory requirements or are perceived to potentially have failed to comply, we may face, among other things, warning letters; adverse publicity affecting both us and our customers; investigations or notices of non-compliance, fines, injunctions, and civil penalties; import or export restrictions; partial suspensions or total shutdown of production facilities or the imposition of operating restrictions; increased difficulty in obtaining required FDA clearances or approvals or foreign equivalents; seizures or recalls of our products or those of our customers; or the inability to sell our products. Any such FDA or other regulatory agency actions could disrupt our business and operations, lead to significant remedial costs and have a material adverse impact on our financial position and results of operations.

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Risks Related to Our Financial Condition

Historically, we have incurred significant losses and we may incur losses in the future.

As of December 31, 2020, we had an accumulated deficit of $192 million. In order to achieve and sustain revenue growth in the future, we must expand our market presence and revenues from existing and new customers. We may continue to incur losses in the future and may never generate revenues sufficient to become profitable or to sustain profitability. Continuing losses may impair our ability to raise the additional capital required to continue and expand our operations.

Our indebtedness and liabilities could limit the cash flow available for our operations, expose us to risks that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We have a substantial amount of indebtedness.  As of December 31, 2020, we had approximately $169.7 million of indebtedness and other liabilities, including trade payables, on a consolidated basis. We may also incur additional indebtedness to meet future financing needs. Our indebtedness could have significant negative consequences for our security holders and our business, results of operations and financial condition by, among other things:

Our business may not generate sufficient funds, and we may otherwise be unable to maintain sufficient cash reserves, to pay amounts due under our indebtedness, including our 3.00% convertible senior notes due 2025 (the “Convertible Senior Notes”), and our cash needs may increase in the future. In addition, any future indebtedness that we may incur may contain financial and other restrictive covenants that limit our ability to operate our business, raise capital or make payments under our other indebtedness. If we fail to comply with these covenants or to make payments under our indebtedness when due, then we would be in default under that indebtedness, which could, in turn, result in that and our other indebtedness becoming immediately payable in full.

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We may need to raise additional capital in the future, and if we are unable to secure adequate funds on terms acceptable to us, we could be unable to execute our business plan.

To remain competitive, we must continue to make investments in the development and broadening of our platform of solutions, the expansion of our sales and marketing activities, and the expansion of our global logistics operations infrastructure as we increase sales domestically and internationally. If cash on hand, short-term investment and cash generated from our operations is insufficient to fund such growth, we could be required to raise additional funds through the issuance of equity or debt securities in the public or private markets, or through a collaborative arrangement. Any future issuance of equity securities or securities convertible into equity securities could result in substantial dilution to our stockholders, and the securities issued in such a financing could have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of our common stock. In addition, if we raise additional funds through debt financing, we could be subject to debt covenants that place limitations on our operations. We may not be able to raise additional capital on reasonable terms, or at all, or we could use capital more rapidly than anticipated. If we cannot raise the required capital when needed, we may not be able to satisfy the demands of existing and prospective customers, we could lose revenue and market share and we may have to curtail our capital expenditures. A number of factors including market conditions, our results of operations, the perception of our business in the capital markets and our business prospects, among others, could affect our ability to obtain additional financing on favorable terms or at all.

If we are unable to obtain sufficient capital in the future, we could have to curtail our capital expenditures. Any curtailment of our capital expenditures could result in a reduction in net revenue, reduced quality of our products, increased manufacturing costs for our products, harm to our reputation, or reduced manufacturing efficiencies and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Risks Related to Our Preferred Stock

The issuance of shares of our Series C Preferred Stock reduces the relative voting power of holders of our Common Stock, dilutes the ownership of such holders, and may adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.

In connection with financing our acquisition of MVE Biological Solutions, we completed the sale of 250,000 shares of a newly designated Series C Preferred Stock, par value $0.001, at a price of $1,000 per share, the original purchase price, to funds affiliated with The Blackstone Group Inc., or Blackstone. The holders of our Series C Preferred Stock are entitled to dividends at a rate of 4.0% per annum, paid-in-kind, accruing daily and paid quarterly in arrears and are also entitled to participate in dividends declared or paid on the Common Stock on an as-converted basis.

The holder of our Series C Preferred Stock has the right, at its option, to convert its Series C Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, into Common Stock at a conversion price equal to $38.6152 per share subject to certain customary adjustments. After October 1, 2022, subject to certain conditions, we may, at our option, require conversion of all of the outstanding shares of Series C Preferred Stock to Common Stock if, for at least 20 trading days during the 30 consecutive trading days immediately preceding the date we notify the Series C Preferred Stockholders of the election to convert, the closing price of our Common Stock is at least 150% of the conversion price. On February 5, 2021, the Company received a waiver and conversion notice from Blackstone Freeze Parent L.P. and Blackstone Tactical Opportunities Fund – FD L.P. and converted an aggregate of 50,000 shares of the Company’s 4.0% Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, resulting in the issuance of an aggregate of 1,312,860 shares of Common Stock.

Similarly, as it relates to our Convertible Senior Notes, at any time before the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately before June 1, 2025, the holders of our Convertible Senior Notes may convert their notes into shares of Common Stock, together, if applicable, with cash in lieu of any fractional share, at the then-applicable conversion rate. The initial conversion rate is 41.8261 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $23.91 per share of common stock.  The conversion rate and conversion price will be subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events.

Any conversion of shares of the Series C Preferred Stock or the Convertible Senior Notes to shares of our Common Stock would dilute the ownership interest of existing holders of our Common Stock, and any sale in the public market of shares of our Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Series C Preferred Stock or the Convertible Senior Notes could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our Common Stock. We granted the Preferred Stock Investors and the holders of the Convertible Senior Notes customary registration rights in respect of their securities. These registration rights facilitate the resale of such securities into the public market, and any such resale would increase the number of shares of our Common Stock available for public trading.

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The Series C Preferred Stockholders may exercise influence over us, including through their ability to designate a member of our board of directors.

The Series C Preferred Stockholders are generally entitled to vote with the holders of the shares of Common Stock on all matters submitted for a vote of holders of shares of Common Stock (voting together with the holders of shares of Common Stock as one class) on an as-converted basis, subject to certain NASDAQ voting limitations, if applicable. Additionally, the consent of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series C Preferred Stock is required for so long as any shares of the Series C Preferred Stock remain outstanding for (i) amendments to the Company’s organizational documents that have an adverse effect on the holders of Series C Preferred Stock and (ii) issuances by the Company of securities that are senior to, or equal in priority with, the Series C Preferred Stock, including any shares of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock or Series B Preferred Stock. In addition, for so long as 75% of the Series C Preferred Stock issued in connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement remains outstanding, consent of the Holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series C Preferred Stock will be required for (i) any voluntary dissolution, liquidation, bankruptcy, winding up or deregistration or delisting and (ii) incurrence by Cryoport of any indebtedness unless our ratio of debt to LTM EBITDA (as defined in the Series C Certificate of Designation) would be less than a ratio of 5-to-1 on a pro forma basis giving effect to such incurrence and the use of proceeds therefrom.

Additionally, an affiliate of Blackstone has the right to nominate for election one member to our board of directors for so long as certain parties hold 66.67% of the Series C Preferred Stock issued in the Blackstone financing transaction.  The director designated by Blackstone is entitled to serve on committees of our board of directors, subject to applicable law and NASDAQ rules. Notwithstanding the fact that all directors will be subject to fiduciary duties to us and to applicable law, the interests of the director designated by Blackstone may differ from the interests of our security holders as a whole or of our other directors.

As a result, the Series C Preferred Stockholders have the ability to influence the outcome of certain matters affecting our governance and capitalization. The sponsors of the Series C Preferred Stockholders are in the business of making or advising on investments in companies, including businesses that may directly or indirectly compete with certain portions of our business, and they may have interests that diverge from, or even conflict with, those of our other shareholders. They may also pursue acquisition opportunities that may be complementary to our business, and, as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to us. Our obligations to the holders of Series C Preferred Stock could also limit our ability to obtain additional financing or increase our borrowing costs, which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition.

Our Series C Preferred Stock has rights, preferences, and privileges that are not held by, and are preferential to, the rights of holders of our Common Stock, which could adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition.

The holders have the right under the Series C Certificate of Designation to receive a liquidation preference entitling them to be paid an amount per share equal to the greater of (i) the original purchase price, plus all accrued and unpaid dividends and (ii) the amount that the holder would have been entitled to receive at such time if the Series C Preferred Stock were converted into Common Stock. In addition, the holders are entitled to dividends at a rate of 4.0% per annum, paid-in-kind, accruing daily and paid quarterly in arrears. The holders are also entitled to participate in dividends declared or paid on the Common Stock on an as-converted basis.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock

Certain of our existing stockholders own and have the right to acquire a substantial number of shares of common stock.

As of February 19, 2021, our directors, executive officers and beneficial owners of 5% or more of our outstanding common stock beneficially owned 24,274,179 shares of common stock assuming their exercise of all outstanding Series C Preferred Stock and options that are exercisable within 60 days of February 19, 2021 or approximately 48.6 % of our outstanding common stock. As such, the concentration of beneficial ownership of our common stock may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of Cryoport and may adversely affect the voting or other rights of other holders of our common stock.

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The sale of substantial shares of our common stock may depress our stock price.

As of February 19, 2021, there were 45,581,661 shares of our common stock outstanding. Substantially all of these shares of common stock are eligible for trading in the public market. The market price of our common stock may decline if our stockholders sell a large number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the market perceives that such sales may occur. We could also issue up to an additional 8,399,909 shares of our common stock upon exercise of outstanding options or reserved for future issuance under our stock incentive plans, up to an additional 5,260,162 shares of our common stock upon conversion of Series C Preferred Stock , and up to an additional 4,810,002 shares of our common stock upon conversion of the Convertible Senior Notes.

Our stock price has been and will likely continue to be volatile.

The market price of our common stock has been highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which are beyond our control, including, but not limited to technological innovations or new solutions and services by us or our competitors, additions or departures of key personnel, sales of our common stock, our ability to execute our business plan, our operating results being below expectations, loss of any strategic relationship, industry developments, economic and other external factors and period-to-period fluctuations in our financial results.

In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operating performance of companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock and warrants.

We are at risk of securities class action litigation.

In the past, securities class action litigation has often been brought against a company following a decline in the market price of its securities. This risk is especially relevant for us because our stock price and those of other biotechnology and life sciences companies have experienced significant stock price volatility in recent years. If we face such litigation, it could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could harm our business. We do maintain insurance, but the coverage may not be sufficient and may not be available in all instances.

We have not paid dividends on our common stock in the past and do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. Any return on investment may be limited to the value of our common stock.

We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The payment of dividends on our common stock will depend on our earnings, financial condition and other business and economic factors affecting us at such time as the Board of Directors may consider the payment of any such dividends. If we do not pay dividends, our common stock may be less valuable because a return on your investment will only occur if the price of our common stock appreciates.

Our Articles of Incorporation allows our Board of Directors to issue up to 2,500,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock.

Our Articles of Incorporation allows our board of directors to issue up to 2,500,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock, without action by our stockholders. We have designated 800,000 shares as Class A Preferred Stock, 585,000 shares as Class B Preferred Stock and 250,000 shares of Series C Preferred Stock, of which 200,000 shares of Series C Preferred Stock are issued and outstanding at February 19, 2021. Without limiting the foregoing, (i) such shares of preferred stock could have liquidation rights that are senior to the liquidation preference applicable to our common stock and Preferred Stock, (ii) such shares of preferred stock could have voting or conversion rights, which could adversely affect the voting power of the holders of our common stock and Preferred Stock and (iii) the ownership interest of holders of our common stock will be diluted following the issuance of any such shares of preferred stock. In addition, the issuance of such shares of blank check preferred stock could have the effect of discouraging, delaying or preventing a change of control of our Company.

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Provisions in our bylaws and Nevada law might discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our Company or changes in our management and, as a result, may depress the trading price of our common stock.

Provisions of our bylaws and Nevada law may discourage, delay or prevent a merger, acquisition or other change in control that stockholders may consider favorable, including transactions in which you might otherwise receive a premium for your shares of our common stock. The relevant bylaw provisions may also prevent or frustrate attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our management. These provisions include advance notice requirements for stockholder proposals and nominations, and the ability of our Board of Directors to make, alter or repeal our bylaws.

Absent approval of our Board of Directors, our bylaws may only be amended or repealed by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of our outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote.

In addition, Section 78.438 of the Nevada Revised Statutes prohibits a publicly-held Nevada corporation from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder (generally defined as a person which together with its affiliates owns, or within the last three years has owned, 10% of our voting stock, for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder) unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner.

The existence of the foregoing provisions and other potential anti-takeover measures could limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock. They could also deter potential acquirers of our Company, thereby reducing the likelihood that you could receive a premium for your common stock in an acquisition.

General Risk Factors

Our ability to grow and compete in our industry will be hampered if we are unable to retain the continued service of our key professionals or to identify, hire and retain additional qualified professionals.

Our success in implementing our business strategy depends largely on the skills, experience and performance of key members of our executive management team and others in key management positions. The collective efforts of each of these persons working as a team will be critical to us as we continue to develop our technologies, tests and engineering and development and sales programs. As a result of the difficulty in locating qualified new management, the loss or incapacity of existing members of our executive management team could adversely affect our operations. If we were to lose one or more of these key employees, we could experience difficulties in finding qualified successors, competing effectively, developing our technologies and implementing our business strategy. We do not maintain "key person" insurance on any of our employees.

In addition, a critical factor to our business is our ability to attract and retain qualified professionals including key employees and consultants. We are continually at risk of losing current professionals or being unable to hire additional professionals as needed. If we are unable to attract new qualified employees, our ability to grow will be adversely affected. If we are unable to retain current employees or strategic consultants, our financial condition and ability to maintain operations may be adversely affected.

If equity research analysts do not publish research or reports about our business or if they issue unfavorable commentary or downgrade our common stock, the price of our common stock could decline.

The trading market for our common stock relies in part on the research and reports that equity research analysts publish about us and our business. We do not control these analysts. The price of our common stock could decline if one or more equity analyst downgrades our stock or if analysts downgrade our stock or issue other unfavorable commentary or cease publishing reports about us or our business.

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ITEM 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

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ITEM 2. Properties

Our principal executive office is located in Brentwood, Tennessee.  We lease or own various corporate, global logistics and supply chain centers, biostorage, manufacturing, research and development at 37 sites across the Americas, EMEA and APAC regions.

The following table summarizes our principal facilities and other materially important physical properties as of December 31, 2020:

​

We believe that these facilities are adequate, suitable and of sufficient capacity to support our immediate needs.

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ITEM 3. Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, we are at times subject to various legal proceedings and disputes, including product liability claims. We currently are not aware of any such legal proceedings or claim that we believe will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, operating results or cash flows. It is our practice to accrue for open claims based on our historical experience and available insurance coverage.

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ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

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PART II

ITEM 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Common Stock

As of February 19, 2021 there were 45,581,661 shares of common stock outstanding and 187 stockholders of record. Because many shares of our common stock are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of stockholders, we are unable to estimate the total number of stockholders represented by these stockholders of record.

Market Information

The Company’s common stock is currently listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market and is traded under the symbol “CYRX.”

Stock Performance Graph (1)

The graph below matches Cryoport’s cumulative 5-year total shareholder return on common stock with the cumulative total returns of the Russell 3000^®. The graph tracks the performance of a $100 investment in our common stock and index from December 31, 2015 to December 31, 2020.

COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*

Among Cryoport, Inc. and the Russell 3000^®

*$100 invested on 12/31/15 in stock or index. Fiscal year ending December 31.

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Dividends

No dividends on common stock have been declared or paid by the Company.  The Company intends to employ all available funds for the development of its business and, accordingly, does not intend to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

Recent Sale of Unregistered Securities

There were no unregistered sales of equity securities during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 other than as reported in our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

On October 9, 2019, the Company announced that its board of directors authorized a share repurchase program to purchase up to $15,000,000 of the Company’s common stock.  Repurchases may be made from time to time on the open market or otherwise, in such quantities, at such prices, and in such manner as determined by management at its discretion and will depend on a number of factors, including the market price of Company’s common stock, general market and economic conditions, and applicable legal requirements. The repurchase program expired on December 31, 2020.  The Company has not purchased any shares under this program in 2019 and through December 31, 2020.

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ITEM 6.  Selected Consolidated Financial Data

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information required under this item.

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ITEM 7.  Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of our operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. Our actual results could differ materially from those contained in forward-looking statements due to a number of factors. See “Forward-Looking Statements” in this Form 10-K.

General Overview

We are redefining the temperature-controlled supply chain for the life sciences industry by providing a unique and evolving platform of critical products and solutions including advanced packaging, informatics, specialty logistics services, biostorage services, and cryogenic life sciences equipment. With over 600 employees in 30 locations worldwide, we are engaged in providing global solutions to the biopharma/pharma, animal health, and human reproductive medicine markets. Our primary focus is on addressing the critical temperature-controlled supply chain needs within the biopharmaceutical space with an emphasis on serving the rapidly growing cell and gene therapy, or C&GT, market.

See the “Business” section in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-K for additional information.

Impact of COVID-19

In late 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China, which has since spread globally. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic.  Further, the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in government authorities around the world implementing numerous measures to try to reduce the impact of COVID-19, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter in place or total lock-down orders. Many countries around the world have also implemented the temporary closure of non-essential businesses and other material limitations on the conduct of business. As a provider of life saving therapies, Cryoport is deemed to be an essential business and has remained fully open and operational.  However, the full extent and duration of this pandemic is still unknown at this point and the related governmental, business and travel restrictions in order to contain this virus are continuing to evolve globally. Accordingly, there is significant uncertainty related to the ultimate impact that this global pandemic will have on the results of our operations.

For example, several life sciences companies, including some of our clients, announced during 2020 the temporary suspension of clinical studies and trials as well as other COVID-19 related risks that may impact their preclinical and clinical trials, including delays in patient enrollment or difficulties in initiating or expanding clinical trials, interruption of clinical trial activity, and diversion of healthcare resources to focus on COVID-19 activities. While these temporary suspensions and restrictions have been lifted, these may be reinstated, and other measures may be implemented. In addition, with respect to the impact of the pandemic on the human reproductive medicine market, the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) and European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) both issued recommendations in March of 2020 to temporarily defer fertility treatments and related activities. Both organizations have since updated and recently reaffirmed their recommendation to gradually and judiciously resume activities. While these actions have negatively impacted our revenue in the markets we serve temporarily, we cannot determine the longer-term impact at this point. A number of public announcements by government and clients indicate a regional or partially reinstating of COVID-19 related restrictions and while we have experienced revenue ramping back up gradually over time, this may be curtailed by new restrictions. Further, virus containment efforts as a result of governmental actions or policies or other initiatives could lead to further disruption in the supply chain and as a result, we may have difficulties sourcing raw materials and equipment or may incur additional direct costs to provide our solutions.

While longer-term client demand for our services overall remains strong, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the measures above taken by some of our clients have adversely impacted our revenue growth.  We continue to monitor the evolving situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and we may take further actions required by governmental authorities or that we determine are prudent to support the well-being of our employees, customers, suppliers, business partners and others. The degree to which COVID-19 impacts our business operations, financial performance and results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain, continuously evolving and cannot be predicted, including, but not limited to, the duration and spread of the COVID-19 outbreak, its severity, the actions to contain the virus or treat its impact and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume.   See “Risk Factors—Risk Related to Our Business—The recent global pandemic caused by COVID-19 has already and may continue to adversely affect our business operations, financial performance and results of operations, the extent of which is uncertain and difficult to predict.”

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Segment Reporting

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing operating performance. The chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is our Chief Executive Officer.  We previously reported results based on two reportable operating segments: Global Logistics Solutions and Global Bioservices. During the fourth quarter of 2020, our CODM changed how he makes operating decisions, assesses the performance of the business and allocates resources in a manner that caused our operating segments to change as a result of the MVE and CRYOPDP acquisitions. In consideration of the FASB ASC 280, Segment Reporting, we determined that we are not organized around specific products and services, geographic regions or regulatory environments. Accordingly, beginning with the fourth quarter of 2020, we operate in one reportable operating segment.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our consolidated financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S., or U.S. GAAP. While our significant accounting policies are more fully described in the notes to our consolidated financial statements, we have identified the policies and estimates below as being critical to our business operations and the understanding of our results of operations. These policies require management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgements, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. The impact of and any associated risks related to these policies on our business operations are discussed throughout “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition,” including in the “Results of Operations” section, where such policies affect our reported and expected financial results. Although we believe that our estimates, assumptions, and judgements are reasonable, they are based upon information presently available. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions, judgments, or conditions.

The SEC defines critical accounting policies as those that are, in management’s view, most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and most demanding of our judgment. We consider the following policies to be critical to an understanding of our consolidated financial statements and the uncertainties associated with the complex judgments made by us that could impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows: Revenue Recognition, Business Combinations, Intangible Assets and Goodwill, Series C Preferred Stock, Stock-based Compensation, Convertible Senior Notes and Income Taxes. See Note 2: “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of our accompanying consolidated financial statements for a description of our critical accounting policies and estimates.

Revenue Recognition

Revenues are recognized when control is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods and services. Revenue recognition is evaluated through the following five steps: (i) identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer; (ii) identification of the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determination of the transaction price; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognition of revenue when or as a performance obligation is satisfied.

Performance Obligations

At contract inception, an assessment of the goods and services promised in the contracts with customers is performed and a performance obligation is identified for each distinct promise to transfer to the customer a good or service (or bundle of goods or services). To identify the performance obligations, the Company considers all of the goods or services promised in the contract regardless of whether they are explicitly stated or are implied by customary business practices. Revenue is recognized when our performance obligation has been met. The Company considers control to have transferred upon delivery because the Company has a present right to payment at that time, the Company has transferred use of the asset, and the customer is able to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from, the asset.

For arrangements under which the Company provides biological specimen storage services and logistics support and management to the customer, the Company satisfies its performance obligations as those services are performed whereby the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of such services under the agreement.

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Revenue generated from short-term logistics and engineering consulting services provided to customers is recognized when the Company satisfies the contractually defined performance obligations. When a contract includes multiple performance obligations, the contract price is allocated among the performance obligations based upon the stand-alone selling prices. Approved contract modifications are accounted for as either a separate contract or as part of the existing contract depending on the nature of the modification.

Our performance obligations on our orders and under the terms of agreements with customers are generally satisfied within one year from a given reporting date.

Shipping and handling activities related to contracts with customers are accounted for as costs to fulfill our promise to transfer the associated products pursuant to the accounting policy election allowed under Topic 606 and are not considered a separate performance obligation to our customers. Accordingly, the Company records amounts billed for shipping and handling as a component of revenue. Shipping and handling fees and costs are included in cost of revenues in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Revenues are recognized net of any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental agencies.

Business Combinations

Amounts paid for acquisitions are allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, if any, based on their fair values at the dates of acquisition. This purchase price allocation process requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions with respect to intangible assets. The fair value of identifiable intangible assets is based on detailed valuations that use information and assumptions determined by management. Any excess of purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired is allocated to goodwill. While we use our best estimates and assumptions to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date as well as any contingent consideration, where applicable, our estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, we record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to our consolidated statements of operations.

We use the income approach to determine the fair value of certain identifiable intangible assets such as customer relationships. This approach determines fair value by estimating after-tax cash flows attributable to these assets over their respective useful lives and then discounting these after-tax cash flows back to a present value. We base our assumptions on estimates of future cash flows, expected growth rates, expected trends in technology, etc. We base the discount rates used to arrive at a present value as of the date of acquisition on the time value of money and certain industry-specific risk factors. We believe the estimated purchased customer relationships, agent networks, software, developed technologies, and trademarks/tradenames so determined represent the fair value at the date of acquisition and do not exceed the amount a third party would pay for the assets.

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Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Intangible assets

Intangible assets with a definite life are amortized over their useful lives using the straight-line method, which is the best estimate of the value we are receiving over the useful life of the intangible asset and another systematic method was not deemed more appropriate. The amortization expense is recorded within selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Intangible assets and their related useful lives are reviewed at least annually to determine if any adverse conditions exist that would indicate the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. More frequent impairment assessments are conducted if certain conditions exist, including a change in the competitive landscape, any internal decisions to pursue new or different technology strategies, a loss of a significant customer, or a significant change in the marketplace, including changes in the prices paid for the Company’s products or changes in the size of the market for the Company’s products. If impairment indicators are present, the Company determines whether the underlying intangible asset is recoverable through estimated future undiscounted cash flows. If the asset is not found to be recoverable, it is written down to the estimated fair value of the asset based on the sum of the future discounted cash flows expected to result from the use and disposition of the asset. If the estimate of an intangible asset’s remaining useful life is changed, the remaining carrying amount of the intangible asset is amortized prospectively over the revised remaining useful life. The Company continues to believe that its definite-lived intangible assets are recoverable at December 31, 2020.  There has been no impairment of our intangible assets for the periods presented.

Goodwill

We test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis in the fourth quarter or more frequently if management believes indicators of impairment exist. Events that would indicate impairment and trigger an interim impairment assessment include, but are not limited to, current economic and market conditions, including a decline in market capitalization, a significant adverse change in legal factors, business climate or operational performance of the business, and an adverse action or assessment by a regulator. Accounting guidance also permits an optional qualitative assessment for goodwill to determine whether it is more likely than not that the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value. If, after this qualitative assessment, we determine that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then no further quantitative testing would be necessary. A quantitative assessment is performed if the qualitative assessment results in a more likely than not determination or if a qualitative assessment is not performed. The quantitative assessment considers whether the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, in which case an impairment charge is recorded to the extent the reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value. As a result of our 2020 quantitative assessment, we concluded that goodwill is not impaired as of December 31, 2020.

Series C Preferred Stock

On the October 1, 2020 issuance date, the effective conversion price per share was less than the fair value of the underlying Common Stock and, as a result, the Company determined that there was a beneficial conversion feature on that date. Accordingly, the Company recognized the resulting beneficial conversion feature amount of approximately $39.5 million as a deemed dividend, equal to the number of common shares into which the Series C Preferred Stock is convertible multiplied by the difference between the fair value of the Common Stock and the effective conversion price per share on that date. Because the Series C Preferred Stock does not have a stated conversion date and was immediately convertible at the issuance date, the dividend is reflected as a one-time, non-cash, deemed dividend to the Holders of the Series C Preferred Stock on the date of issuance.  

Additionally, the Company determined that the nature of the Series C Preferred Stock is more akin to an equity instrument and that the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded conversion options are clearly and closely related to the Series C Preferred Stock. As such, the conversion options were not required to be bifurcated from the host under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging.

Since the paid-in-kind dividends are nondiscretionary, the Company measured the beneficial conversion feature in the paid-in-kind dividend on the issuance date of the preferred stock and recorded such amount when the paid-in-kind dividend was accrued. Accordingly, the associated paid-in-kind dividends for the year ended December 31, 2020 generated a beneficial conversion feature amount of $344,000. On February 5, 2021, the Company received a waiver and conversion notice from Blackstone Freeze Parent L.P. and Blackstone Tactical Opportunities Fund – FD L.P. and converted an aggregate of 50,000 shares of the Company’s 4.0% Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (See Note 18).

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The Company evaluated the Series C Preferred Stock for liability or equity classification under the applicable accounting guidance including ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and determined that equity treatment was appropriate because the Series  C Preferred Stock did not meet the definition of the liability instruments defined thereunder for convertible instruments. Specifically, the convertible preferred shares are not mandatorily redeemable and do not embody an obligation to buy back the shares outside of the Company’s control in a manner that could require the transfer of assets. Additionally, the Company determined that the Series C Preferred Stock would be recorded as permanent equity given that they are not redeemable for cash or other assets (i) on a fixed or determinable date, (ii) at the option of the holder, or (iii) upon the occurrence of an event that is not solely within control of the Company.

The Company also evaluated the embedded put and call options within the Series C Preferred Stock in accordance with the accounting guidance for derivatives to determine if bifurcation is required.  The Company determined that the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded put and call options are not clearly and closely related to the Series C Preferred Stock. Therefore, the Company assessed the put and call options further and determined they did not meet the definition of a derivative under ASC 815.

Under the same analysis, the Company determined that the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded participating dividend feature are considered clearly and closely related to the equity host. Accordingly, the participating dividend feature is not required to be bifurcated under ASC 815. Also, the Company determined that the value of the contingent dividend feature is minimal and insignificant relative to the other components of the Series C Preferred Stock due to the circumstances surrounding the scenarios under which the provision would be triggered.

Convertible Senior Notes

The Senior Notes are accounted for in accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options (“ASC 470-20”) and ASC 815-40, Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (“ASC 815-40”). Under ASC 815-40, to qualify for equity classification (or nonbifurcation, if embedded) the instrument (or embedded feature) must be both (1) indexed to the issuer’s stock and (2) meet the requirements of the equity classification guidance. Based upon the Company’s analysis, it was determined the Notes do contain embedded features indexed to its own stock, but do not meet the requirements for bifurcation, and therefore do not need to be separately accounted for as an equity component. Since the embedded conversion feature meets the equity scope exception from derivative accounting, and also since the embedded conversion option does not need to be separately accounted for as an equity component under ASC 470-20, the proceeds received from the issuance of the convertible debt was recorded as a liability on the consolidated balance sheet.

Stock-based Compensation

We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the fair value of stock option awards on the grant date. The expected option life assumption is estimated based on the simplified method.  Accordingly, the Company has utilized the average of the contractual term of the options and the weighted average vesting period for all options to calculate the expected option term.  The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon observed interest rates appropriate for the expected term of our employee stock options. The expected volatility is based on the average of the historical volatility and the implied volatility of our stock commensurate with the expected life of the stock-based award. We do not anticipate paying dividends on the common stock in the foreseeable future.

We recognize stock-based compensation cost on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized only for those awards that ultimately vest. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we recorded stock-based compensation expense of $8.9 million and $16.5 million, respectively, for share-based awards granted under all of the Company’s stock plans.

As of December 31, 2020, there was $21.1 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested share-based awards. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average remaining requisite service period of 3.1 years. We expect 1,692,183 unvested options to vest over the next four years.

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Income Taxes

Deferred taxes are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect in the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are provided, if, based upon the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We account for uncertain tax positions using a “more-likely-than-not” threshold for recognizing and resolving uncertain tax positions. The evaluation of uncertain tax positions is based on factors including, but not limited to, changes in tax law, the measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in tax returns, the effective settlement of matters subject to audit, new audit activity and changes in facts or circumstances related to a tax position. We evaluate our tax position on a quarterly basis. We also accrue for potential interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.

Results of Operations

Results of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2020 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2019

The following table summarizes certain information derived from our consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):

​

Total revenues by market

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Revenues. Revenues increased $44.8 million, or 132%, to $78.7 million for year ended December 31, 2020, as compared to $33.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. This increase was primarily driven by revenue from the acquisition of MVE and CRYOPDP on October 1, 2020, which contributed $23.0 million and $12.9 million, respectively, and the increase in revenue by $8.9 million, primarily driven by our biopharmaceutical customers. This includes an increase in revenue of $2.2 million resulting from the acquisition of Cryogene in May 2019. During 2020 we experienced an increase in the number of customers utilizing our services, the number of clinical trials we support and an increase in revenue related to commercialized cell therapies.

Service revenues increased by $21.4 million, or 62.9%, to $55.3 million for year ended December 31, 2020, as compared to $33.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. This increase was driven by the acquisition of CRYOPDP on October 1, 2020, which contributed $12.9 million in revenue from temperature-controlled specialty courier services and supply chain services, including packaging, pick-pack kit preparation, the continuing ramp of revenue from our Cryoport Express^® solutions, which increased by $6.7 million, or 22%, and revenue from our biostorage services, which increased by $2.2 million, or 74%.

Product revenues were $23.4 million and $0 for 2020 and 2019, respectively, and are primarily a result of the acquisition of MVE on October 1, 2020, representing revenue from the product line of cryonic stainless-steel freezers, aluminum dewars and related ancillary equipment used in the storage and transport of life sciences commodities, which includes the rapidly growing Cell and Gene Therapy market through a global network of distributors and direct client relationships,

Revenues by market

Revenue from the biopharma/pharma market increased $36.4 million, or 121%, to $66.4 million, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2019. This increase was driven by revenue from the acquisition of MVE and CRYOPDP on October 1, 2020, which contributed $15.4 million and $12.9 million, respectively, and the increase in revenue by $5.9 million from clinical trial and commercial revenue. This includes an increase in revenue of $2.2 million resulting from the acquisition of Cryogene in May 2019. We now support 528 clinical trials, of which 419 are in the Americas, 84 are in EMEA and 25 are in APAC, compared to 436 clinical trials supported as of December 31, 2019 (361 in the Americas, 61 in EMEA and 14 APAC). The number of Phase III clinical trials supported increased to 69 trials as of December 31, 2020, of which 49 are in the Americas, 19 are in EMEA, and 1 is in APAC. This compares to 56 Phase III trials (40 in the Americas, 15 in EMEA and 1 APAC) supported as of December 31, 2019. The activity in the clinical trial space, particularly in the Cell and Gene Therapy market is expected to drive future revenue growth as these clinical trials advance and resulting therapies are commercialized on a global basis.

Our revenue from the animal health market increased $6.9 million, or 687%, to $7.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019. This increase is driven by the acquisition of MVE on October 1, 2020.

Revenues in the human reproductive medicine market increased $1.5 million, or 53%, to 4.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019. This increase was driven by a 31.3% increase in revenues in the U.S. market through continued success of our CryoStork^®-branded offering and a 43.5% increase in revenues in the international markets, which was primarily a result of our marketing initiatives and growing brand recognition.

Gross margin and cost of revenues. Gross margin for the year ended December 31, 2020 was 46.2% of total revenues, as compared to 51.1% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2019. The decrease in gross margin is primarily a result of the lower margin contributions from the acquisitions of MVE and CRYOPDP . Cost of total revenues increased $25.7 million to $42.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, as compared to $16.6 million in the same period in 2019. The increase in cost of total revenues is commensurate with the increase in business volume and the addition of cost of revenue from the acquisitions of MVE and CRYOPDP for the fourth quarter of 2020.

Gross margin for our service revenues was 46.7% of service revenues, as compared to 51.1% of service revenues for the year ended December 31, 2019. This decrease is a result of the lower margin contribution from the acquisition of CRYOPDP during the fourth quarter of 2020. Our cost of revenues is primarily comprised of freight charges, payroll and associated expenses related to our global logistics and supply chain centers, depreciation expenses of our Cryoport Express^® Shippers and supplies and consumables used for our solutions.

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Gross margin for our product revenues was 45.1% of product revenues. Product revenues, related cost of revenues and resulting gross margins are primarily a result of the acquisition of MVE during the fourth quarter of 2020. Our cost of product revenues is primarily comprised of materials, direct and indirect labor, inbound freight charges, purchasing and receiving, inspection, and distribution and warehousing of inventory. In addition, shop supplies, facility maintenance costs and depreciation expense for assets used in the manufacturing process are included in cost of product revenues.

Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses include the costs associated with selling our products and services and costs required to support our marketing efforts including legal, accounting, patent, shareholder services, amortization of intangible assets and other administrative functions.

For 2020, SG&A expenses increased by $25.6 million, or 81.7% as compared to 2019. The increase is primarily due to the addition of $11.5 million of SG&A expenses from the acquisition of MVE and CRYOPDP effective October 1, 2020, as well as the continued expansion of our infrastructure to support the acquisitions and expected future growth. Intangible asset amortization expense is included in SG&A and consists of charges related to the amortization of intangible assets associated with the acquisitions of CRYOPDP and MVE in 2020 and Cryogene in 2019, in which we acquired definite-lived intangible assets.  Intangible asset amortization expense increased by $6.3 million, from $0.3 million in 2019, to $6.6 million in 2020. SG&A also includes acquisition and integration costs related to MVE and CRYOPDP acquisitions in 2020 of $11.1 million, compared to $0.4 million related to the acquisition of Cryogene in 2019. Stock compensation expense decreased by $6.4 million in 2020 compared to 2019, primarily resulting from accelerated vesting of certain stock option awards as a result of meeting defined financial targets in the amount of $8.4 million in 2019, which did not occur in 2020.

Engineering and development expenses. Engineering and development expenses increased $5.7 million, or 153.6%, for year ended December 31, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019. The increase is primarily due to an increase of $4.2 million in consulting costs directed at further enhancing our logistics and supply chain solutions and $1.6 million in wages and associated employee costs to add software development and engineering resources. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in stock-based compensation expense of $0.5 million which was driven by $0.9 million in accelerated vesting for certain stock option awards during 2019 as a result of meeting defined financial targets. We continually strive to improve and expand the features of our Cryoport Express^® Solutions and portfolio of services and products. Our primary developments are directed towards facilitating the safe, reliable and efficient transport and storage of life science commodities through innovative and technology-based solutions. This includes significantly enhancing our Cryoportal^® Logistics Management Platform and related technology solutions as well as developments to expand our Cryoport Express^® Shipper fleet, such as the Cryosphere^TM shipper, a cryogenic dry-vapor shipper utilizing patent pending technology that passively stabilizes the payload through an internal gravitational sphere, thereby further mitigating transport risks. In addition, engineering and development efforts are also focused on MVE’s portfolio of advanced cryogenic stainless-steel freezers, aluminum dewars and related ancillary equipment used in the storage and transport of life sciences commodities. We supplement our internal engineering and development resources with subject matter experts and consultants to enhance our capabilities and shorten development cycles.

Investment Income. Investment income increased by $0.2 million, from $0.6 million to $0.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, as compared to the prior year as a result of higher average invested cash balances offset by lower interest rates on such invested cash balances.

Interest expense. Interest expense increased by $1.2 million, from $1.4 million to $2.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, as compared to the prior year primarily as a result of the issuance of $115.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.00% convertible senior notes in May 2020 and amortization of the related debt discount.

Other income, net.  The increase in other income, net for the year ended December 31, 2020 is primarily due to realized and unrealized gains and losses on short-term investments and foreign currency fluctuations.  

Dividends on Series C preferred convertible stock. The dividends in the aggregate amount of $42.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 represent a non-cash deemed dividend in the amount of $39.5 million resulting from a beneficial conversion feature and a paid-in-kind dividend of $2.8 million, both from the private placement of Series C Preferred Stock with Blackstone.  

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Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We provide adjusted EBITDA as a supplemental measure to GAAP measures regarding our operating performance. This financial measure excludes the impact of certain acquisition related items and other expenses and, therefore, has not been calculated in accordance with GAAP. A detailed explanation and a reconciliation of this non-GAAP financial measure to its most comparable GAAP financial measure is described below.

We include this financial information because we believe this measure provides a more accurate comparison of our financial results between periods and more accurately reflects how management reviews its financial results. We excluded the impact of certain acquisition related items because we believe that the resulting charges do not accurately reflect the performance of our ongoing operations for the period in which such charges are incurred.

Cryoport, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Adjusted EBITDA Reconciliation

(Unaudited, in thousands)

​

Adjusted EBITDA is measured by taking net income/loss as reported in accordance with GAAP, excluding depreciation and intangible amortization expenses, acquisition and integration costs, inventory step-up charges, other non-recurring charges, stock-based compensation expense, investment income, interest expense and taxes included in the consolidated statements of operations.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2020, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $36.9 million, short-term investments of $56.4 million and working capital of $112.1 million. Historically, we have financed our operations primarily through sales of equity securities and debt instruments. We believe that our pre-existing cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments, together with the net proceeds of approximately $265.4 million raised through an underwritten public offering in January 2021 will be sufficient to fund our operations, including capital expenditures and absent any acquisitions, for at least the next three years.

Cash flows

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Operating activities

For the year ended December 31, 2020, we used $14.9 million of cash for operations primarily as a result of the net loss of $32.7 million adjusted for non-cash expenses of $20.1 million comprised of $8.9 million of stock-based compensation, as well as $10.3 million of amortization of debt discounts, depreciation and amortization. Also contributing to the cash impact of our net operating loss, excluding non-cash items, was an increase in accounts receivable of $2.6 million, an increase in prepaids and other current assets of $7.5 million and an increase in net deferred tax assets of $0.5 million, which was partially offset by a decrease of $1.3 million in inventory and an increase in accounts payable and other accrued expenses of $4.2 million and an increase in accrued compensation and related expenses of $3.1 million.  

Investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities of $382.3 million was primarily due to the $314.5 million and $48.6 million acquisitions of the MVE and CRYOPDP businesses, respectively, on October 1, 2020,  $158.7 million purchases of short-term investments, and $8.9 million for the capitalization of software development costs for our Cryoportal^TM Logistics Management Platform, and additional purchases of Cryoport Express^® Shippers, Smartpak II^TM Condition Monitoring Systems, freezers and computer equipment, partially offset by the maturity of short-term investments of $149.2 million.

In 2019, net cash used in investing activities of $62.9 million was primarily due to the $20.3 million acquisition of the Cryogene business on May 14, 2019,  $43.2 million purchases of short-term investments, and $5.3 million for the capitalization of software development costs for our Cryoportal^TM Logistics Management Platform, and additional purchases of Cryoport Express^® Shippers, SmartPak^TM Condition Monitoring Systems, freezers and computer equipment, partially offset by the maturity of short-term investments of $6.0 million.

Financing Activity

Net cash provided by financing activities totaled $385.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily as a result of net proceeds of $111.3 million from the issuance of 3% convertible senior notes issued in May 2020 and $265.4 million as a result of the net proceeds from the private placement of common stock and issuance of the Series C Preferred Stock. Proceeds from stock option and warrant exercises during 2020 were $9.4 million. Offsetting these activities were the payment of deferred financing costs and finance lease obligations of $4.2 million.

In 2019, net cash provided by financing activities of $74.2 million was primarily as a result of $68.8 million in net proceeds from our June 2019 public offering of common stock and $5.4 million in proceeds from the exercise of stock options and warrants.

January 2021 Public Offering

On January 25, 2021, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 4,356,059 shares of its common stock. The shares were issued and sold pursuant to an underwriting agreement, dated January 20, 2021, by and among the Company, on the one hand, and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Jefferies LLC, SVB Leerink LLC and UBS Securities LLC, as representatives of certain underwriters at a public offering price per share of $66.00, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions. The shares include 568,181 shares issued and sold pursuant to the underwriters’ exercise in full of their option to purchase additional shares of common stock pursuant to the underwriting agreement. The Company received net proceeds of approximately $269.7 million from the offering after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. See Note 18: “Subsequent Events” of our accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information.

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Blackstone Private Placement

In connection with the MVE Acquisition, on October 1, 2020, the Company completed a private placement with an investment vehicle of funds affiliated with The Blackstone Group Inc., consisting of (i) 250,000 shares of a newly designated 4.0% Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Series C Preferred Stock”), at a price of $1,000 per share, for $250.0 million, and (ii) 675,536 shares of common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share for $25.0 million, for an aggregate purchase price of $275.0 million. The net proceeds of this transaction were $263.6 million. The Series C Preferred Stock ranks senior to the shares of the Company’s common stock, with respect to dividend rights and rights upon the voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the affairs of the Company.  On February 5, 2021, the Company received a waiver and conversion notice from Blackstone Freeze Parent L.P. and Blackstone Tactical Opportunities Fund – FD L.P. and converted an aggregate of 50,000 shares of the Company’s 4.0% Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, resulting in the issuance of an aggregate of 1,312,860 shares of Common Stock. See Note 15: “Stockholders’ Equity—Blackstone Private Placement” and Note 18: “Subsequent Events” of our accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Convertible Senior Notes

In May 2020, the Company issued $115.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.00% convertible senior notes due in 2025, which includes the initial purchasers’ exercise in full of their option to purchase an additional $15.0 million principal amount of the Convertible Senior Notes, in a private placement exempt from registration under the Securities Act.  The Company received $111.3 million from the offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions of $3.7 million, and incurred approximately $345,200 in third-party offering related costs. The Convertible Senior Notes bear cash interest at a rate of 3.00%, payable semi-annually on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on December 1, 2020 and will mature on June 1, 2025, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed, or converted in accordance with the terms of the Convertible Senior Notes. The Convertible Senior Notes comprise the Company’s senior, unsecured obligations and are (i) equal in right of payment with the Company’s existing and future senior, unsecured indebtedness; (ii) senior in right of payment to the Company’s existing and future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated to the Convertible Senior Notes; (iii) effectively subordinated to the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing that indebtedness; and (iv) structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities, including trade payables, and (to the extent the Company is not a holder thereof) preferred equity, if any, of the Company’s subsidiaries.  See Note 10 : “Convertible Senior Notes” and Note 18: “Subsequent Events” of our accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information.

June 2019 Public Offering

In June 2019, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 4,312,500 shares of its common stock. The shares were issued and sold pursuant to an underwriting agreement, dated June 19, 2019, by and among the Company, on the one hand, and Jefferies LLC and SVB Leerink LLC, as representatives of certain underwriters at a public offering price per share of $17.00, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions. The shares include 562,500 shares issued and sold pursuant to the Underwriters’ exercise in full of their option to purchase additional shares of common stock pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement. The Company received net proceeds of approximately $68.8 million from the offering after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company.

The Company’s management recognizes that the Company may need to obtain additional capital to fund its operations until sustained profitable operations are achieved.  Additional funding plans may include obtaining additional capital through equity and/or debt funding sources.  No assurance can be given that additional capital, if needed, will be available when required or upon terms acceptable to the Company.  See “— Risks Related to Our Financial Condition —  We may need to raise additional capital in the future, and if we are unable to secure adequate funds on terms acceptable to us, we could be unable to execute our business plan” in the “Risk Factors” section in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K for additional information.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements within the meaning of Item 303(a)(4) of Regulation S-K.

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Impact of Inflation

From time to time, Cryoport experiences price increases from third party manufacturers and these increases cannot always be passed on to Cryoport’s customers. While these price increases have not had a material impact on Cryoport’s historical operations or profitability in the past, they could affect revenues in the future.

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not applicable

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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Our annual consolidated financial statements are included in Part IV, Item 15 of this Form 10-K and are incorporated into this Item 8 by reference.

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Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

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Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The term “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) refers to the controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2020. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2020.

(b) Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting which appears on the following page is incorporated herein by reference.

As permitted by SEC guidance for newly acquired businesses, management’s assessment of our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 14a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) did not include an assessment of internal control over financial reporting of MVE and CRYOPDP, which were acquired October 1, 2020.  MVE and CRYOPDP accounted for 60% and 19% of total assets 84% and 9% of net assets, respectively, as of December 31, 2020 and 29% and 16% of revenues and (5%) and 5% of net loss, respectively, for the year then ended.

Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, as stated in its attestation report included in Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.

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(c) Changes In Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2020, we began the process to extend our oversight and monitoring processes that support internal control over financial reporting to include the operations of MVE and CRYOPDP in order to assist us in the preparation and disclosure of financial information associated with these acquisitions. We are continuing to integrate the acquired operations of MVE and CRYOPDP into the Company’s overall internal control over financial reporting process. However, we have excluded MVE and CRYOPDP from our assessment of internal controls over financial reporting as set forth above. There were no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Item 9B.  Other Information

None.

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CRYOPORT, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON

INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

​

The management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) and for the assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is supported by written policies and procedures that:

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In connection with the preparation of the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements, management of the Company has undertaken an assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Management’s assessment included an evaluation of the design of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting and testing of the operational effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Based on this assessment, management has concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2020. The Company acquired MVE Biological Solutions and CRYOPDP on October 1, 2020. MVE Biological Solutions and CRYOPDP constituted 60% and 19% of total assets and 84% and 9% of net assets, respectively, as of December 31, 2020 and 29% and 16% of revenues and (5%) and 5% of net loss in our consolidated financial statement for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020. As these acquisitions occurred in the fourth quarter of 2020, the scope of management’s assessment of internal control over financial reporting does not include MVE Biological Solutions or CRYOPDP. This exclusion is in accordance with the SEC’s general guidance that an assessment of a recently acquired business may be omitted from our scope in the year of acquisition.

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March 1, 2021

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PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

A list of our executive officers and their respective biographical information appears in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-K.

We have adopted a corporate code of conduct that applies to our directors and all employees, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. We have posted the text of our corporate code of conduct on our website at www.cryoport.com on the “Investor Relations: Corporate Governance” page under the heading “Governance Documents”.  We intend to satisfy the requirement under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K regarding disclosure of amendments to, or waivers from, provisions of our corporate code of conduct by posting such information on our website.

The other information required under this item is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement related to our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, or the Proxy Statement, to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.

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Item 11. Executive Compensation

The information required by this item can be found in our Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

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Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The information required by this item can be found in our Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

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Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information required by this item can be found in our Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

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Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The information required by this item can be found in our Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

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PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

(a)(1) Consolidated Financial Statements:

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(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules: All financial statement schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements or notes thereto.

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(a)(3) Exhibits.

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Index to Exhibits

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